Tebufenpyrad 吡螨胺

吡螨胺

中文 名称： 吡螨胺
通用 名称： 统治、治螨特
英文 名称： Tebufenpyrad
分子式：C18H24CLN3O
CA登记号：119168-77-3
化学名称：N-（4-特丁基苄基）-4-氯-3-乙基-1-甲基吡唑-5-基甲酰胺
熔点（℃）： 61～62 分子结构
蒸 气 压： 0.010787mPa(40℃)

用途：
本品属酰胺类杀螨剂．对各种螨类和半翅目、同翅目害虫具有卓效，而旦对螨类各生长期均有速效和高效，持效期长．如叶螨科（苹果全爪螨、橘全爪螨、棉叶螨、朱砂叶螨等）、跗线螨科（侧多跗线螨）、瘿螨科（苹果刺锈螨、葡萄锈螨等）、细须螨科（葡萄短须螨）、蚜科（桃蚜、棉蚜、苹果蚜）、粉虱科（木薯粉虱）．与三氯杀螨醇、苯丁锡、噻唑螨酮等无交互抗性。真无内吸性，但有渗透活性，对目标作物有极佳选择性，推荐剂量下（25～200mg(a.i.)/L）对大多数作物无药害。欧美和日本，以 50～200mg（a.i.）/L剂量防抬卒果、梨、桃和扁桃上的害螨（包括叶螨和全爪螨）；在日本、美国、意大利和西班牙，以33～200mg（a．i．）/L剂量防治柑橘的橘全爪螨棉叶螨和班真叶螨；在法闰，以100mg(a.i．）/L剂量防治葡萄枥始叶螨；在日本，以100mg(a.i.)/L剂量防治茶树的神泽叶螨；在欧洲和日本，以25～200mg(a.i.)/L防治蔬菜上的各种螨类，如棉叶螨、红叶螨和神泽叶螨；在西班牙和美国，以250～750mg(a.i.)/L剂量防治棉花上的叶螨和小爪螨。

使用方法：
吡螨胺防治柑橘树红蜘蛛和锈螨及苹果、梨、桃、山楂上的叶螨，用20%吡螨胺2000~3000倍液喷雾。

制剂：
10%吡螨胺（可湿性粉剂）、 20%吡螨胺（乳油）、30%吡螨胺（悬浮剂）

原药生产：
吡螨胺原药外观白色晶体状，吡螨胺属于新型产品目前在国内还未得到大力推广。原药一般都是采取欧美一些国家进口材料。
制剂生产厂家据报道2011年国内正规生产厂家也只有区区的十几家。所以在采购原药和制剂时尽量选择大的厂家一确保产品质量。

毒性：
1、雄大鼠急性经口LD50为595，雌大鼠为997，野鸭大于2000；大鼠急性经皮LD50大于2000，雄小鼠224，雌小鼠210。经Ames试、微核试验、果蝇翅点滴试验等均未见致突变作用。
2、对蜜蜂无毒，对鱼类高毒，使用时须注意。

tebufenpyrad
Acaricide
IRAC 21; METI

NOMENCLATURE
Common name tebufenpyrad (BSI, draft ISO)
IUPAC name N-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-methylpyrazole-5-carboxamide
Chemical Abstracts name 4-chloro-N[[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide
CAS RN [119168-77-3] Development codes AC 801757 (Cyanamid); MK-239 (Mitsubishi Kasei)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 333.9 M.f. C18H24ClN3O Form Colourless crystals. M.p. 61-62 ºC V.p. <1 ´ 10-2 mPa (25 ºC) KOW logP = 5.04 (25 ºC) Henry <1.25 ´ 10-3 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.) S.g./density 1.0214 Solubility In water 2.8 mg/l (25 ºC). Soluble in acetone, methanol, chloroform, acetonitrile, hexane, and benzene. Stability Stable to hydrolysis, DT50 >28 d (pH 5, 7 and 9).

COMMERCIALISATION
History Discovered by Mitsubishi Kasei (now Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., who sold their agrochemical business to Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd in 2002) and developed in collaboration with American Cyanamid Co. (now BASF AG). Registered in Japan in 1993. Patents US 4950668; EP 289879.

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Mitochondrial respiration inhibitor. Acts as an inhibitor of the electron transport chain at Site I. Does not act as a specific muscle or nerve poison. Mode of action Non-systemic acaricide active by contact and ingestion. Exhibits translaminar movement following application to leaves, and thus inhibits the development of mite eggs oviposited on the undersides of leaves. Uses Control of all stages of Tetranychus, Panonychus, Oligonychus, and Eotetranychus spp. on top fruit, vines, citrus, vegetables, hops, ornamentals, melons, and cotton. Applied at 50-200 g/ha. Formulation types EC; EW; WG; WP. Selected products: 'Comanch? (BASF); 'Masa? (BASF); 'Oscar' (BASF)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Acarifas' (BASF); 'Pyranica' (Nihon Nohyaku)

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 595, female rats 997, male mice 224, female mice 210 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin; slightly irritating to eyes (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser (guinea pigs). Inhalation LC50 for male rats 2660, female rats >3090 mg/m3. Other No mutagenic effects were observed in the following tests; Ames, mammalian micronucleus, Drosophila wing spot, in vitro cultured human lymphocytes, in vivo bone marrow erythrocytes, unscheduled DNA synthesis, and CHO/HGPRT. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) III EC classification (Xn; R20/22)

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks >2000 mg/kg. Dietary LC50 (8 d) for mallard ducks and bobwhite quail >5000 mg/kg diet. Fish LC50 (48 h) for carp 0.073 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (3 h) 1.2 mg/l. Bees Low toxicity to honeybees.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals Metabolite is N-[4-(1-hydroxymethyl-1-methylethyl)benzyl]-4-chloro-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpyrazole-5-carboxamide. Plants As for animals. Soil/Environment Aerobic degradation occurs in soil, DT50 20-30 d. Koc 1380-4930.