Sulphar 硫磺

硫磺
有效成分 硫磺
有效含量≥ 10（%）
用量 3-5（g/ha）
用途 用于制作各种农药、杀虫剂
剂型 浓乳剂

特　　点：杀虫灭菌、提高免疫、改善动植物的性能状态
【产品说明】 硫磺广泛应用于农业和畜牧业中，除有杀菌、杀螨、杀虫作用之外，用于防治各种作物的白粉病和叶螬病等，持效期可达半月左右；它对人、畜安全，不易使作物产生药害。添加至食品中保健及防腐功效显著；促进植物生长，使植物果实圆润、美观，果肉紧致鲜美，延长果实储存期，同时避免了农药的残留物对人体的危害。畜禽饲料中适量添加使动物免疫力增加，肉质鲜美、紧致、营养更丰富，一定程度上可以替代动物防疫针。

【产品性能】◎杀虫、杀螨和杀菌作用。◎防腐、保鲜作用。◎洁身，兼具解毒杀虫疗疮止痒
【应用领域】◎用于橡胶工业作高级促进剂和硫化剂。◎用于制作各种农药、杀虫剂。◎防腐、保鲜作用。对各种水果的表面抗菌、杀虫、防腐效果显著，如香蕉、芒果、葡萄、苹果、梨、桃等表面进行喷涂或包装物的处理，可以大大延长水果的保质期和新鲜度。对各种花卉、观赏植物等表面和根部进行喷涂或包装物的处理，可以防止腐烂，保持水分，保持花卉、植物的鲜活、留香、观赏期。已经在果蔬花卉产业中大量应用。◎促进植物生长，使植物果实圆润美观，果肉紧致鲜美，同时避免了农药和促生长激素对人体的伤害。在韩国及我国东北地区实地应用测试，可有效降低西红柿、黄瓜等果实因农药化肥施用过多导致的病变，果实形状美观，果肉紧致，保鲜期延长65%以上。◎畜禽饲料中适量添加使动物免疫力增加，肉质鲜美、紧致、营养更丰富，一定程度上可以替代动物防疫针。实地畜场实验结果表明，能明显增加鸡鸭猪牛羊等的肉质紧致程度，更具口感，味道鲜美。◎用于辅助治疗各种脂溢性皮炎、螨虫、青春痘等皮肤病。◎用于保健泡浴足浴。◎用于各种抗菌防霉功能涂料。
【使用方法】◎日化产品 8-10ppm；◎防腐保鲜 10-20ppm ；◎动物每天口服10-20ppm；如：鸡、鸭、鹅等◎植物每15天喷洒一次用量10ppm

sulfur
Fungicide, acaricide
FRAC M2; multi-site: inorganic

NOMENCLATURE
Common name sulfur (E-ISO, JMAF, ESA, accepted in lieu of a common name); soufre (F-ISO, accepted in lieu of a common name)
IUPAC name sulfur
Chemical Abstracts name sulfur
Other names sulphur
CAS RN [7704-34-9]
EEC no. 231-722-6
Development codes BAS 175 01F (BASF); SAN 7116 (Sandoz)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 32.1
M.f. Sx
Form Yellow powder, which can exist as various allotropic forms.
M.p. 114.5 ºC; (rhombic 112.8 ºC; monoclinic 119 ºC)
B.p. 444.6 ºC
V.p. 0.527 mPa (30.4 ºC) (rhombic); 8.6 mPa (59.4 ºC)
S.g./density 2.07 (rhombic)
Solubility Practically insoluble in water. Crystalline forms are soluble in carbon disulfide, but amorphous forms are not. Very slightly soluble in ether and petroleum ether; more readily soluble in hot benzene and acetone.

COMMERCIALISATION
History Has been used as a pesticide for many years.
Manufacturers Agrochem; Aimco; BASF; Cerexagri; Crystal; Drexel; Excel; FMC; Sharda; Syngenta

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Non-specific thiol reactant, inhibiting respiration.
Mode of action Non-systemic protective fungicide with contact and vapour action. Secondary acaricidal activity.
Uses Control of scab on apples, pears, and peaches; powdery mildews on a range of crops, including fruit (at 1.75-6.25 kg/ha), vines (4-10 kg/ha), hops (1.75-6.25 kg/ha), beet (6 kg/ha), cereals (8 kg/ha), citrus (c. 6 kg/ha), ornamentals, cucumbers, vegetables, and in forestry (1.2 kg/ha); shot-hole of stone fruit; and acarinosis of vines. Also controls mites (particularly eriophyid mites) on a range of crops.
Phytotoxicity Phytotoxic, to some extent, to a number of crops, including cucurbits, apricots, raspberries, and certain other 'sulfur-shy' varieties.
Formulation types DP; MG; SC; WG; WP.
Compatibility For reasons of phytotoxicity, mixing with oils should be avoided.
Selected products: 'Cosan' (Bayer CropScience); 'Gold' (Devidayal); 'Kumulus DF' (Micro Flo); 'Lucaflow' (Inquiport); 'Microthiol Special' (Cerexagri); 'Rasulf' (Ramcides); 'Sulfex' (Excel); 'Sulphotox' (Aimco); 'That' (Stoller); 'Thiovit' (Syngenta);
mixtures: 'Kumulan' (+ nitrothal-isopropyl) (BASF); 'Top-Cop' (+ copper sulfate (tribasic)) (Stoller); 'Vizines' (+ zineb) (Vipesco)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Agri-Sul' (Reagent); 'Bensul' (Wilbur-Ellis); 'Cabridust' (Agrochem); 'Cosavet' (Sulphur Mills); 'Drago AZ' (Agricultura Nacional); 'Elosal' (Bayer CropScience); 'Fluidosoufre' (Cerexagri); 'Golclair' (Griffin); 'Golden Dew' (Wilbur-Ellis); 'Imber' (Tripart); 'Kolodust' (Platte); 'Kolospray' (Platte); 'Kolthior' (Syngenta); 'Micro Sulf' (Nufarm Americas); 'Micronite' (Agrochem); 'Mitex' (Indofil); 'Suffa' (Drexel); 'Sulfapron' (Probelte); 'Super-Sul' (Cuproquim); 'Thiolux' (Syngenta); 'Venus' (Headland) mixtures: 'Bayfidan S' (+ triadimenol) (Bayer CropScience); 'Bravo S' (+ chlorothalonil) (Helena); 'Castellan s' (+ fluquinconazole) (Bayer CropScience, BASF); 'Folicur Combi' (+ tebuconazole) (spray, Italy) (Bayer CropScience); 'Terranil S' (+ chlorothalonil) (Agriliance); 'Topas Combi' (+ penconazole) (Syngenta); 'Vicarben-S' (+ carbendazim) (Vipesco)
Discontinued products: 'Microthiol' * (PBI); 'Uniflow' * (Uniroyal)
mixtures: 'Ashlade SMC' * (+ copper oxychloride+ maneb) (Ashlade); 'Bolda' * (+ carbendazim+ maneb) (Atlas); 'Senator' * (+ copper oxychloride+ maneb) (Tripart); 'Stirrup Mylox' * (+ farnesol with nerolidol) (Troy Biosciences)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis is by conversion to sodium thiosulfate which is determined by titration (CIPAC Handbook, 1992, E, 202-210; FAO Plant Prot. Bull., 1961, 9(5), 80).
Residues may be determined by colorimetry (H. A. Ory et al., Analyst (London), 1957,82, 189).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg.
Skin and eye Irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes; (not observed with 'Kumulus DF', 'Thiovit Jet').
Other Practically non-toxic to humans and animals.
Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) U; EPA (formulation) IV

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LC50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail >5000 ppm.
Fish Non-toxic to fish.
Daphnia LC50 (48 h, static) >665 mg/l.
Algae EC50 (72 h) for Ankistrodesmus bibraianus >232 mg/l.
Bees Non-toxic to bees.
Worms LC50 (14 d) >1600 mg/l.
Other beneficial spp. Non-toxic to Coccinella septempunctata, Amblyseius potentilla, Amblyseius finlandicus, Anthocoris nemorum, Chrysoperla carnea. Toxic to Typhlodromus pyri, Trichogramma cacoeciae, Coccyfornimus turionellae.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Plants Degradation proceeds primarily by microbial reduction in and on plants.
Soil/Environment Insoluble in water, no leaching potential into ground water. When oxidised to sulfate, its contribution as sulfate ions from pesticidal sources is negligible in comparison with the natural occurrence of sulfates in soil and water.