Quizalofop-P-Ethyl 精喹禾灵

精喹禾灵

英文通用名称: quizalofop-p-ethyl
化学名称:(R)-2-[4-(6-氯喹喔啉-2-基氧)苯氧基]丙酸乙酯
精喹禾灵原药
其他名称：精禾草克，NC-302D（+） 精喹禾灵的结构式

毒性：据我国农药毒性分级标准，精喹禾草灵属低毒除草剂。
淡黄色均匀结晶,总酯含量高于95%,R体大于90%。
精喹禾灵制剂
5%精喹禾灵乳油（每升含有效成份50克）；
10.8%精喹禾灵乳油（每升含有效成份108克）。

作用特点
精禾草克是在合成禾草克的过程中去除了非活性的光学异构体后的改良制品。其作用机制和杀草谱与禾草克相似，通过杂草茎叶吸收，在植物体内向上和向下双向传导，积累在顶端及居间分生，抑制细胞脂肪酸合成，使杂草坏死。精禾草克是一种高度选择性的新型旱田茎叶处理剂，在禾本科杂草和双子叶作物间有高度的选择性，对阔叶作物田的禾本科杂草有很好的防效。精禾草克作用速度更快，药效更加稳定，不易受雨水气温及湿度等环境条件的影响。

使用方法
适用于阔叶草坪田。

使用时期
为禾本科杂草3-5叶叶期防治。防治一年生禾本科杂草每亩地用5%精喹禾灵乳油50-70ml。(兑水30-40公斤均匀茎叶喷雾处理)土壤水分空气湿度较高时，有利于杂草对精禾草克的吸收和传导。

注意事项
1.操作时，需戴口罩和橡皮手套。操作后，用肥皂将脸手脚等洗净，并用清水漱口。
2.误饮应多喝水，将药液吐出，安静以后马上找医生采取抢救措施。
3.面施药后，杂草植株发黄，2天内停止生长，施药后5-7天，嫩叶和节上初生组织变枯，14天内植株枯死。

适用作物
大豆、甜菜、油菜、马铃薯、亚麻、豌豆、蚕豆、烟草、西瓜、棉花、花生、阔叶蔬菜等多种作物及果树、林业苗圃、幼林抚育、苜蓿等。

防治对象
野燕麦、稗草、狗尾草、金狗尾草、马唐、野黍、牛筋草、看麦娘、画眉草、千金子、雀麦、大麦属、多花黑麦草、毒麦、稷属、早熟禾、双穗雀稗、狗牙根、白茅、匍匐冰草、芦苇等一年生和多年生禾本科杂草。

quizalofop-P-ethyl
Herbicide
HRAC A WSSA 1; aryloxyphenoxypropionate

NOMENCLATURE

quizalofop-P-ethyl
Common name quizalofop-P-ethyl (BSI, draft E-ISO)
IUPAC name ethyl (R)-2-[4-(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yloxy)phenoxy]propionate
CAS RN [100646-51-3] Development codes D(+) NC-302 (Nissan); DPX-79376 (DuPont)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

quizalofop-P-ethyl
Mol. wt. 372.8 M.f. C19H17ClN2O4 Form White, crystalline, odourless solid. M.p. 76.1-77.1 ºC B.p. 220 ºC/26.6 Pa V.p. 1.1 ´ 10-4 mPa (20 ºC) KOW logP = 4.61 (23? ºC) Henry 6.7 ´ 10-5 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.) S.g./density 1.36 g/cm3 Solubility In water 0.61 mg/l (20 ºC). In acetone, ethyl acetate and xylene >250, 1,2-dichloroethane >1000 (all in g/l, 22-23 °C); in methanol 34.87, n-heptane 7.168 (both in g/l, 20 °C). Stability Stable in neutral and acidic media, but unstable in alkaline media; DT50 <1 d (pH 9). Stable at high temperatures and in organic solvents. Specific rotation [a]D20 +35.9?(20 ºC)

COMMERCIALISATION
History The herbicidal enantiomer ester quizalofop-P-ethyl introduced by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd and quizalofop-P-tefuryl ((?-tetrahydrofurfuryl ester) (A. R. Bell & A. S. Peddie, Proc. 1989 Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 1, 65) by Uniroyal Chemical Co., Inc. (now part of Crompton Corp.).

quizalofop-P-ethyl
Manufacturers Fengle; IPESA; Nissan; Sharda

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Fatty acid synthesis inhibitor (inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase) Mode of action Systemic herbicide, absorbed from the leaf surface, with translocation throughout the plant, moving in both the xylem and phloem, and accumulating in the meristematic tissue.

quizalofop-P-ethyl
Uses Selective post-emergence control of annual and perennial grass weeds in potatoes, soya beans, sugar beet, peanuts, oilseed rape, sunflowers, vegetables, cotton, and flax. Phytotoxicity Most non-graminaceous crops are tolerant. Formulation types EC; SC. Compatibility Can be used in combination with post-emergence broad-leaved herbicides. Selected products: 'CoPilot' (Nissan); 'Pilot D' (Nissan); 'Pilot Super' (Nissan); 'Targa D+' (Nissan); 'Targa Super' (Nissan); 'Assure II' (USA) (DuPont); 'Herban LPU' (IPESA); 'Leopard' (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Mostar' (IPESA)

OTHER PRODUCTS
quizalofop-P-ethyl
'Matador' (FMC); 'Nervure Super' (KenoGard); 'Omega' (Argentina) (DuPont); 'Sceptre' (Bayer CropScience); 'Sheriff' (DuPont); 'Targa Prestige' (Bayer CropScience)

ANALYSIS
quizalofop-P-ethyl
Product by hplc. Residues by glc. Details from Nissan.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
quizalofop-P-ethyl
Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 1210, female rats 1182, male mice 1753, female mice 1805 mg/kg. NOEL (90 d) for rats 7.7 mg/kg daily.

ECOTOXICOLOGY
quizalofop-P-ethyl
Birds Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks and bobwhite quail >2000 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout >0.5 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 0.29 mg/l. Algae Assumed similar to racemate. Bees Assumed similar to racemate. Worms LC50 >1000 mg/kg.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
quizalofop-P-ethyl
Animals The degradation pattern is the same as that for quizalofop-ethyl. Plants The degradation pattern is the same as that for quizalofop-ethyl. Soil/Environment In soil, degrades rapidly to quizalofop-P; DT50 £1 d.