Propamocarb Hydrochloride 霜霉威

霜霉威

名称
中文名霜霉威(文中单剂B); 霜霉威
（1）英文通用名：Propamocarb
（2）商品名称：普力克、霜霉威、免劳露、霜敏、扑霉特等。　剂型：30％高渗水剂、35％、66.5％、72.2％水剂、50％热雾剂。

特性和作用
霜霉威属脂肪族类杀菌剂，低毒、安全，具有较好的局部内吸作用，处理土壤后能很快被根系吸收并向上输送至整株植物，茎叶喷雾处理后，能被叶片迅速吸收起到保护作用。其作用机理是抑制病菌细胞膜成分的磷酸和脂肪酸的合成，抑制菌丝生长蔓延和孢子囊的形成及孢子萌发。霜霉威是一种广谱杀菌剂，对藻类菌纲真菌特别有效，对丝束霉、盘梗霉、霜霉、疫霉、腐霉等真菌都有良好的杀灭作用，亦可作浸渍处理和种子保护剂。适用于黄瓜、番茄、甜椒、莴苣、马铃薯等蔬菜以及烟草、草莓、花卉、果树等多种作物。

用途农药
农药参数(DQ:地区 DX:对象 BC：病虫害（包括杂草）YF:用法 YL:用量 XG:效果 MS:描述 SM:说明)
农药DQ-->福建省
DX-->荔枝(品种属乌叶)
BC-->荔枝霜霉病
YF-->1250倍处理,(用水量10kg/每株,发病初施药一次,小果期施第二次,果实膨大期施第三次,果实转色期施第四次
XG-->对花穗及果的防效为78.83%和81.84%.

使用方法
①防治苗期猝倒病和疫病，在播种前或播种后、移栽前或移栽后，每平方米用500倍72.2％普力克＋600倍天达2116壮苗灵药液喷洒土壤或灌根。
②防治葫芦科、茄科霜霉病、疫病等病害，在发病前或发病初期，用500-700倍72.2％普力克＋600倍瓜茄果型“盖世无霜”液喷雾，每隔7-14天喷药1次，与其他防病药交替使用，连续喷洒2-3次。

注意事项
1. 为预防和延缓病菌抗病性，注意应与其他农药交替使用，每季喷洒次数最多3次。
2.普力克在碱性条件下易分解，不可与碱性物质混用，以免失效。
3、本品不可与呈强碱性的农药等物质混合使用。
4、使用本品时应穿戴防护服和手套，避免吸入药液。施药期间不可吃东西和饮水。施药后应及时洗手和洗脸。
5、孕妇及哺乳期妇女应避免接触。

中毒急救
不慎吸入，应将病人移至空气流通处。不慎接触皮肤或溅入眼睛，应用大量清水冲洗至少15分钟。万一误服，要催吐，保持安静，并立即送医院对症治疗。

贮存和运输
本品常温贮存稳定，应贮存在干燥、阴凉、通风、防雨处。置于儿童触及不到的地方。勿与食品、饮料、饲料等其它食用商品同贮同运。用过的容器应妥善处理，不可做它用，也不可随意丢弃。

propamocarb hydrochloride
Fungicide
FRAC 28, F4; carbamate fungicide

NOMENCLATURE
propamocarb hydrochloride
IUPAC name propyl 3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamate hydrochloride
Chemical Abstracts name propyl [3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbamate hydrochloride
CAS RN [25606-41-1] EEC no. 247-125-9 Development codes AE B066752 (AgrEvo); EXP 10382A; HOE 102791 (Hoechst)

propamocarb
Common name propamocarb (BSI, E-ISO, ANSI); propamocarbe ((m) F-ISO)
IUPAC name propyl 3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamate
Chemical Abstracts name propyl [3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbamate
CAS RN [24579-73-5] Development codes SN 39744 (Schering)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
propamocarb hydrochloride
Composition The aqueous concentrate contains 780 g/l propamocarb hydrochloride. Mol. wt. 224.7 M.f. C9H21ClN2O2 Form Colourless, faintly aromatic, hygroscopic crystals. M.p. 64.2 °C V.p. 3.85 ´ 10-2 mPa (20 °C) KOW logP = -1.21 (pH 7) Henry <1.7 ´ 10-8 Pa m3 mol-1 (20 °C, calc.) S.g./density 1.085 g/ml (20 °C, aqueous concentrate) Solubility In water >500 g/l (20 °C). In methanol 656, dichloromethane >626, acetone 560, ethyl acetate 4.34, toluene 0.14, hexane <0.01 (all in g/l, 20 °C). Stability Stable to hydrolysis, to temperatures up to 400 ºC, and to photolysis. pKa 9.3 (20 °C) Other properties Surface tension 40.9 mN m-1 (40 °C).

propamocarb
Mol. wt. 188.3 M.f. C9H20N2O2 V.p. 730 mPa (25 °C) KOW logP = 0.84 (20 °C) Henry 1.5 ´ 10-4 Pa m3 mol-1 (25 °C) Solubility In water >900 g/l (pH 7.0, 20 °C). In hexane >883, methanol >933, dichloromethane >937, toluene >852, acetone >921, ethyl acetate >856 (all in g/l, 20 °C). pKa 9.5, strong base (K. Chamberlain et al., Pestic. Sci., 47,265 (1996))

COMMERCIALISATION
History Fungicide reported by E. A. Pieroh et al. (Meded. Fac. Landbouwwet. Rijksuniv. Gent, 1978, 43, 933). Discovered and developed by Schering AG; now owned and distributed by Bayer CropScience. Patents DE 1567169; DE 1643040 Manufacturers Agriphar; Bayer CropScience; Synthesia

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Reduces mycelial growth and development of sporangia and (zoo)spores; influences the biochemical synthesis of membranes. Mode of action Systemic fungicide with protective action. Absorbed by the roots and leaves, and transported acropetally.

propamocarb hydrochloride
Uses Specific control of phycomycetous diseases (Pythium, Phytophthora, Aphanomyces, Bremia, Peronospora, and Pseudoperonospora spp.). In particular, control of Pythium and Phytophthora spp. in vegetables, ornamentals, glasshouse tomatoes, glasshouse cucumbers, tulips, tobacco, and in forestry seedbeds; Pythium blight on turf; downy mildew on lettuce, cucurbits and cabbages; Phytophthora infestans in potatoes and tomatoes; Phytophthora cactorum on strawberries; etc. Applied to the soil, or used as a dip treatment (for bulbs and tubers) or seed treatment, and as a foliar spray in late-season applications. Formulation types SC; SL. Selected products: 'Banol' (Bayer CropScience); 'Previcur N' (Bayer CropScience); 'Proplant' (Agriphar); 'Salvador' (Rocca)

propamocarb
Selected products: 'Promo' (Agrimix)

OTHER PRODUCTS
propamocarb hydrochloride
Mixtures: 'Tattoo C' (+ chlorothalonil) (Bayer CropScience); 'Tattoo' (+ mancozeb) (Bayer CropScience) Discontinued products: 'Prevex' * (AgrEvo); 'Previcur' * (Aventis) mixtures: 'Merlin' * (+ chlorothalonil) (Aventis)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by lc with u.v. detection (CIPAC Handbook, 1992, E, 184-6). Residues determined by glc with FID (I. A. Gentile & E. Passera, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 236,254). Methods for the determination of residues are available upon request from Bayer CropScience.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews FAO/WHO 47, 49 (see part 2 of the Bibliography).

propamocarb hydrochloride
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats 2000-2900, mice 2650-2800, dogs c. 1450 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats and mice >3000 mg/kg. Not a skin or eye irritant (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser. Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >5.54 mg/l air. NOEL (2 y) for rats 26-32 mg/kg b.w. ADI (JMPR) 0.1 mg/kg b.w. (for base) [1986].; 0.4 mg/kg b.w. (company proposed) Other Negative in Ames and micronucleus tests. Not teratogenic in rats and rabbits, no reproductive, developmental or carcinogenic effects. EC classification (Xi; R43)

propamocarb
Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >3.96 mg/l air. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) U; EPA (formulation) IV

ECOTOXICOLOGY
propamocarb hydrochloride
Birds Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail and mallard duck >1842 mg/kg. Dietary LC50 for bobwhite quail and mallard duck >4789 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for bluegill sunfish >92, for rainbow trout >99 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 106 mg/l. Algae ErC50 (72 h) for Selenastrum capricornutum >85 mg/l; EbC50 >120 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. EC50 (96 h) for Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 43.9 mg/l; LC50 (96 h) for mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) 105 mg/l. Bees LD50 (oral) >84 µg/bee; (contact) >100 µg/bee. Worms LC50 (14 d) >660 mg/kg soil.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals Rapidly absorbed and almost totally excreted (>90% in 24 h), mainly via urine. Mineralisation occurs via oxidation and hydrolytic decomposition. Plants Mainly unchanged in plants. Soil/Environment Rapidly degraded in soil by microbial processes, following a brief lag phase, DT50 <30 d, DT90 <70 d. Propamocarb hydrochloride is retained in the upper soil layer (4-20 cm) and little is found in leachate. Stable in aqueous medium, but rapidly degraded by aquatic micro-organisms (up to 97% in 35 d). It is adsorbed onto sediment, but with limited desorption.