Profenofos 丙溴磷

丙溴磷

中文其他名称： 溴氯磷、多虫磷
英文通用名称 profenofos
化学式：O-(4-溴-2-氯苯基)-O-乙基-S-丙基-硫代磷酸酯

理化性质
浅黄色液体，具蒜味，沸点100℃/1.80Pa，蒸气压1.24×10^(－4)Pa(25℃)密 度1.455(20℃)，KowlogP=4.44，溶解度水28mg/L(25℃)，与大多有机溶剂混 溶， 丙溴磷
中性和微酸条件下比较稳定，碱性环境中不稳定。

剂型：
40%乳油、25%乳油、40%丙溴·辛硫磷

特点：
丙溴磷具有触杀和胃毒作用，作用迅速，对其他有机磷、拟除虫菊
酯产生抗性的棉花害虫仍有效，是防治抗性棉铃虫的有效药剂产生抗性的地区可于其他菊酯类或有机磷类杀虫剂混合使用会更大的发挥丙溴磷的药效。
对水稻二化螟、钻心虫、稻纵卷叶螟、水稻稻飞虱同样有效。

毒性：
丙溴磷为中等毒性杀虫剂。无慢性毒性，无致癌、致畸、致突变作用，对皮肤无刺激作用，对鱼、鸟、蜜蜂有毒。
大鼠急性经口LD50358mg/kg，大鼠急性经皮LD50约3300mg/kg； 丙溴磷
LC50(96h，mg/L)虹鳟鱼0．08，十字鲤鱼 0．09，蓝鳃太阳鱼0．
3；LC50(8d，mg/L)北美鹌鹑70～200，日本鹌鹑>1000，野鸭150～
162。

适用范围与使用方法

适用范围
适用于防治棉铃虫、棉蚜、红铃虫、二三化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、韭蛆等

使用方法
1．棉铃虫的防治 每亩用44%乳油60--100 毫升，对水60--100千克喷雾。
2．棉蚜的防治 每亩用44%乳油30--60 毫升，对水30--60 千克喷雾。
3．红铃虫的防治 每亩用44%乳油60--100毫升，对水60--100千克喷雾。
3、韭蛆的防治 每亩用50%乳油300--500毫升，对水450--800千克喷雾。

注意事项
1．严禁与碱性农药混合使用。
2．丙溴磷与氯氰菊酯混用增效明显，商品多虫清是防治抗性棉铃虫的有效药剂。
3．中毒者送医院治疗，治疗药剂为阿托品或解磷定。
4.安全间隔期：14天，丙溴磷在棉花上的安全间隔期为5－12天，每季节最多使用次数：3次。
5.果园中不宜用丙溴磷，高温对桃树有药害，造成叶
6 该药对苜蓿和高粱有药害。

profenofos
Insecticide, acaricide
IRAC 1B; organophosphate

NOMENCLATURE
Common name profenofos (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, ANSI, ESA)
IUPAC name O-4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate
Chemical Abstracts name O-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate
CAS RN [41198-08-7] EEC no. 255-255-2 Development codes CGA 15 324 (Ciba-Geigy) Official codes OMS 2004

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Composition Tech. is ³98%. Mol. wt. 373.6 M.f. C11H15BrClO3PS Form Pale yellow liquid, with a garlic-like odour. B.p. 100 ºC/1.80 Pa V.p. 1.24 ´ 10-1 mPa (25 ºC) (OECD 104) KOW logP = 4.44 (OECD 107). Henry 1.65 ´ 10-3 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.) S.g./density 1.455 (20 ºC) (OECD 109) Solubility In water 28 mg/l (25 ºC). Readily miscible with most organic solvents. Stability Relatively stable under neutral and slightly acidic conditions. Unstable under alkaline conditions; on hydrolysis, DT50 (calc.) (20 ºC) 93 d (pH 5), 14.6 d (pH 7), 5.7 h (pH 9). pKa No dissociation constant between pKa 0.6 to 12 F.p. 124 °C (EEC A9)

COMMERCIALISATION
History Insecticide reported by F. Buholzer (Proc. Br. Insectic. Fungic. Conf., 8th, 1975, 2, 659). Introduced by Ciba-Geigy AG (now Syngenta AG). Patents BE 789937; GB 1417116 Manufacturers Agrochem; Hegang Heyou; Hesenta; Nagarjuna Agrichem; Sharda; Syngenta

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Cholinesterase inhibitor. The separate optical isomers, due to the chiral phosphorus atom, show different types of insecticidal activity and ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (H. Leader & J. E. Casida, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1982, 30,546). Mode of action Non-systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action. Exhibits a translaminar effect. Has ovicidal properties. Uses Control of insects (particularly Lepidoptera) and mites on cotton, maize, sugar beet, soya beans, potatoes, vegetables, tobacco, and other crops, at 250-1000 g/ha. Phytotoxicity Slight reddening of cotton may occur. Formulation types EC; UL. Selected products: 'Curacron' (Syngenta); 'Mardo' (Crop Health); 'Profex' (Nagarjuna Agrichem); 'Sanofos' (Sanonda); 'Soldier' (Devidayal)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Selecron' (Syngenta); 'Carina' (Pesticides India); 'Celcron' (Excel); 'Profex super' (Nagarjuna Agrichem); 'Seliton' (Agrochem); 'Teliton' (Agrochem) mixtures: 'Polytrin C' (+ cypermethrin) (Syngenta); 'Sirene-BW' (+ grandlure) (IPM Technologies) Discontinued products: 'Polycron' * (Ciba)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by glc with FID (CIPAC Handbook, 1998, H, 222). Residues determined by glc with TID. Details available from Syngenta.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews FAO/WHO 59, 61 (see part 2 of the Bibliography). Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats 358, rabbits 700 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats c. 3300, rabbits 472 mg/kg. Non-irritant to the skin and eyes of rabbits. Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats c. 3 mg/l air. NOEL (using EC formulation 380 g a.i./l) for rats (2 y) 0.3 mg a.i./kg diet; for lifetime study 1.0 mg a.i./kg diet; for mice 0.08 mg/kg diet. ADI (JMPR) 0.01 mg/kg b.w. [1990]. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) II; EPA (formulation) II EC classification Xn; R20/21/22

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds LC50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail 70-200, Japanese quail >1000, mallard ducks 150-612 ppm. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 0.08, crucian carp 0.09, bluegill sunfish 0.3 mg/l. Daphnia EC50 (48 h) 1.06 mg/l. Algae EC50 (72 h) for Scenedesmus subspicatus 1.16 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. Highly toxic to crustaceans. Bees LD50 (contact, 48 h) 0.102 mg/bee. Worms LC50 (14 d) 372 mg/kg.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
EHC 63 (WHO, 1986; a general review of organophosphorus insecticides). Animals Rats rapidly excrete 14C-profenofos after oral administration. The predominant metabolic pathway involves stepwise dealkylation and hydrolysis, followed by conjugation. Plants In cotton, Brussels sprouts and lettuce, the compound is rapidly taken up and metabolised. The overall metabolic pattern indicates degradation to polar metabolites. Soil/Environment Mean half-life in soil (lab. and field) is c. 1 week.