Permethrin 二氯苯醚菊酯 氯菊酯

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二氯苯醚菊酯

分子式该品为高效低毒杀虫剂,用于防治棉花;水稻;蔬菜;果树茶树等多种作物害虫,也用于防治卫生害虫及牲畜害虫。杀虫作用强烈,很低的浓度即可使害虫中毒死亡,农业上治虫有效的浓度大多数都在100ppm以下,一般为20-50ppm,每亩有效成份的用量一般只有5-10ml。

1.物质的理化常数:

国标编号 61904
CAS号 52645-53-1
中文名称 二氯苯醚菊酯
英文名称 Permethrin;Ambush
别 名 氯菊酯;(一苯氧基苯基)甲基-2,2-二甲基-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)环丙烷羧酸酯
分子式 C21H20Cl2O3 外观与性状 原药为暗黄色至棕黄色带有结晶的粘稠液体
分子量 391.31 蒸气压 45.3uPa/25℃ 闪点:>200℃
熔 点 35℃ 沸点:220℃/6.65×10-3kPa 溶解性 难溶于水,易溶于多数有机溶剂
密 度 相对密度(水=1)1.190~1.272(20℃) 稳定性 稳定
危险标记 15(有害品,远离食品) 主要用途 农用、卫生用杀虫剂
2.对环境的影响:

一、健康危害
侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害:本品属低毒类。对眼睛有轻度刺激作用。对兔皮肤无刺激作用。误服,引起头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐、流涎和血尿等。严重者出现抽搐和意识障碍。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为
毒性:本品为低毒农药。
急性毒性: LD50>2000mg/kg(大鼠经口);>2000mg/kg(兔经皮)
亚急性和慢性毒性:大鼠经口600ppm×90日(饲喂),眼鼻血性分泌物增多、小便失禁、血尿、血便、全身抽搐、头向右侧偏转等。
除虫菊酯类农药对鱼类的毒性极大,并且具有十分明显的时间效应。五种拟除虫菊酯农药对鱼类的毒性依次为:氟氰菊酯>溴氰菊酯>氟胺氰菊酯>氰戊菊酯>二氯苯醚菊酯。
危险特性:遇明火、高热可燃。受高热分解,放出有毒的烟气。
燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氯化氢。

3.现场应急监测方法:无内容

4.实验室监测方法:
气相色谱法《现代环境监测方法》(水、土壤、蔬菜等)张晓林等主编
气相色谱法(蔬菜)《农药残留量气相色谱法》国家商检局编
5.环境标准:

中国 食品卫生标准(mg/kg)1.0(粮食、蔬菜);2.0(水果)

6.应急处理处置方法:
一、泄漏应急处理
疏散泄漏污染区人员至安全区,禁止无关人员进入污染区,建议应急处理人员戴好口罩、护目镜,穿工作服。用砂土吸收,铲入提桶,倒至空旷地方深埋。也可以用大量水冲洗,经稀释的洗水放入废水系统。如大量泄漏,利用围堤收容,然后收集、转移、回收或无害处理后废弃。

二、防护措施
呼吸系统防护:生产操作或农业使用时,佩带防毒口罩。必要时佩戴防毒面具。
眼睛防护:必要时戴安全防护眼镜。
身体防护:穿工作服。
手防护:一般不需特殊防护。必要时戴防护手套。
其它:工作现场严禁吸烟、进食和饮水。工作后,淋浴更衣。注意个人清洁卫生。

三、急救措施
皮肤接触:用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。就医。
眼睛接触:拉开眼睑,用流动清水冲洗15分钟。就医。
吸入:脱离现场至空气新鲜处。就医。
食入:误服者,饮适量温水,催吐。就医。忌用阿托品。
灭火方法:泡沫、干粉、砂土。

 

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permethrin
Insecticide
IRAC 3; pyrethroid

  permethrin

NOMENCLATURE
Common name permethrin (BSI, E-ISO, ANSI, ESA, BAN); perméthrine (F-ISO); no name (Eire, Bangladesh)
IUPAC name 3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS,3RS;1RS,3SR)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
Roth: 3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis-trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
Chemical Abstracts name (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
CAS RN [52645-53-1],(formerly [57608-04-5] and [63364-00-1]) EEC no. 258-067-9 Development codes NRDC 143; FMC 33 297; PP557 (ICI); WL 43 479 (Shell); LE 79-519 (Rhône-Poulenc) Official codes OMS 1821

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 391.3 M.f. C21H20Cl2O3 Form Tech. is a yellow-brown to brown liquid, which sometimes tends to crystallise partly at room temperature. M.p. 34-35 ºC; cis- isomers 63-65 ºC; trans- 44-47 ºC B.p. 200 ºC/0.1 mmHg; >290 ºC/760 mmHg V.p. cis- 0.0025 mPa; trans- 0.0015 mPa (both 20 ºC) (D. Wells et al., Pestic. Sci., 1986, 17,473) KOW logP = 6.1 (20 ºC) S.g./density 1.29 (20 °C) Solubility In water 6 ´ 10-3 mg/l (pH 7, 20 ºC). In xylene, hexane >1000, methanol 258 (all in g/kg, 25 ºC). Stability Stable to heat (³2 y at 50 ºC), more stable in acidic than alkaline media with optimum stability c. pH 4; DT50 50 d (pH 9), stable (pH 5, 7) (all 25 °C). Some photochemical degradation observed in laboratory studies, but field data indicate this does not adversely affect biological performance. F.p. >100 ºC ('Perigen')

COMMERCIALISATION
History Insecticide reported by M. Elliott et al. (Proc. Br. Insectic. Fungic. Conf., 7th, 1973, 2, 721; Nature (London), 1973, 246, 169). Developed by FMC Corp., ICI Agrochemicals (now Syngenta AG), Mitchell Cotts Chemicals, Penick Corp., Shell International Chemical Co., Ltd (now BASF AG), Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd and the Wellcome Foundation. Patents GB 1413491 to NRDC Manufacturers Agro-Chemie; Agrochem; BASF; Bharat; Dow AgroSciences; Fertiagro; FMC; Jiangsu Yangnong; Meghmani; Mitchell Cotts; Mitsu; Parry; RPG; Sharda; Sumitomo; Sundat; Syngenta; Tagros; United Phosphorus

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Acts on the nervous system of insects, disturbs the function of neurons by interaction with the sodium channel. Mode of action Non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action, having a slight repellent effect. Uses A contact insecticide effective against a broad range of pests. It controls leaf- and fruit-eating Lepidoptera and Coleoptera in cotton, at 100-150 g/ha, in fruit, at 25-50 g/ha, in tobacco, vines and other crops, at 50-200 g/ha, and in vegetables, at 40-70 g/ha. It has good residual activity on treated plants. It is effective against a wide range of animal ectoparasites, provides >60 d residual control of biting flies in animal housing, at 200 mg a.i. (as EC)/m2 wall or 30 mg a.i. (as WP)/m2 wall, and is effective as a wool preservative, at 200 mg/kg wool. It provides >120 d control of Blattodea, Diptera, Hymenoptera and other crawling insects, at 100 mg a.i. (as WP)/m2, also flying insects. Phytotoxicity Non-phytotoxic when used as directed (except that some ornamentals may be injured). Formulation types DP; EC; UL; WG; WP; Fumigant; Aerosol. Compatibility Mixing with calcium nitrate is not recommended. Selected products: 'Ambush' (crop protection use) (Syngenta, Amvac); 'Dragnet' (termiticide) (FMC); 'Dragon' (public health) (Syngenta); 'Eksmin' (Sumitomo); 'Outflank' (veterinary use) (BASF); 'Pounce' (FMC); 'Talcord' (agronomic use) (BASF); 'Agniban' (Devidayal); 'Assithrin' (Frunol); 'Cliper' (Cequisa); 'Mikrem' (micro-encapsulated) (Kemio); 'Onesol' (aerosol) (Kemio); 'Perkill' (United Phosphorus); 'Permetiol' (Agriphar); 'Permit' (Agricultura Nacional, Sanonda); 'Permost' (Hockley); 'Persect' (public health) (Vapco); 'Sanathrin' (Dow AgroSciences); mixtures: 'Chinethrin' (+ piperonyl butoxide+ tetramethrin) (Agro-Chemie)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Adion' (Sumitomo); 'Imperator' (Syngenta); 'Permasect' (Mitchell Cotts, Parry); 'Stockade' (veterinary use) (BASF); 'Corsair' (Bayer CropScience); 'Kemetrin' (Kemio); 'Kerp' (Kemio); 'Perigen' (Bayer CropScience); 'Permeth' (Agrochem); 'Pertec' (Tecomag); 'Pramex' (Valent Biosciences); 'Qamlin' (Bayer CropScience); 'Tengard' (United Phosphorus Inc); 'Tornade' (Bayer CropScience) mixtures: 'A-9497b' (+ codlemone) (IPM Technologies); 'Allevol' (+ piperonyl butoxide+ bioallethrin) (Kemio); 'Aqua Reslin' (+ bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer) (Bayer CropScience); 'Bipol' (+ diazinon) (Kemio); 'Coopex' (+ bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer) (Kwizda); 'Duracide P' (+ piperonyl butoxide+ tetramethrin) (Endura); 'Metrovol' (+ piperonyl butoxide+ bioallethrin) (Kemio); 'Neopybuthrin' (+ bioallethrin+ bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer) (Bayer CropScience); 'PB' (+ tetramethrin) (Trithin); 'Permanone' (+ piperonyl butoxide) (Bayer CropScience, Valent Biosciences); 'Phinco - T 22' (+ piperonyl butoxide+ tetramethrin) (Vapco); 'Sirene-CM' (+ codlemone) (IPM Technologies); 'Sirene-PBW' (+ gossyplure) (IPM Technologies) Discontinued products: 'Kafil' * (crop protection use) (Zeneca); 'Prelude' * (Zeneca); 'Darmycel Agarifume Smoke Generator' * (Sylvan); 'Permit' * (PBI) mixtures: 'Ars Red' * (+ metoxadiazone) (Sumitomo); 'Valsan' * (+ metoxadiazone) (Sumitomo); 'Wiperjet' * (+ metoxadiazone) (Sumitomo); 'Combinex' * (+ thiram) (Fargro); 'Turbair Grain Store Insecticide' * (+ resmethrin+ fenitrothion) (Graincare)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis of pyrethroids reviewed by E. Papadopoulou-Mourkidou in Comp. Analyt. Profiles. By glc with FID (CIPAC Handbook, 1985, 1C, 2172; AOAC Methods, 17th Ed., 986.03; H. Swaine & M. J. Tandy, Anal. Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul., 1984, 13, 103). Identity by glc, hplc or spectophotometrically (CIPAC Handbook, 1994, F, 404). Residues determined by glc with ECD (idem, ibid.; AOAC Methods, 17th Ed., 998.01; A. Ambrus et al., J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1981, 64, 733; Man. Pesticide Residue Anal., 1987, I, 6, S19; Anal. Methods Residues Pestic., 1988, Part I, M11). Permethrin isomers in drinking water by glc with ECD (AOAC Methods, 17th Ed., 990.06).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews FAO/WHO 86, 88 (see part 2 of the Bibliography). See also A. J. Gray & D. M. Soderlund, Chapt. 5 in "Insecticides". IARC ref. 53 class 3 Oral Oral LD50 values of permethrin depend on such factors as: carrier, cis/trans ratio of the sample, the test species, its sex, age and degree of fasting; values reported sometimes differ markedly. Values for a cis/trans ratio of c. 40:60 are: for rats 430-4000, mice 540-2690 mg/kg; with a 20:80 ratio, the LD50 is c. 6000 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2500, rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Mild eye and skin irritant (rabbits). Moderate skin sensitiser. Inhalation LC50 (3 h) for mice and rats >685 mg/m3 air; (separate study gives >13800 mg/m3). NOEL In 2 y feeding trials, rats receiving 100 mg/kg diet showed no ill-effects. ADI (JMPR) 0.05 mg/kg b.w. (for tech., with cis/trans ratios 25:75 to 40:60) [1999]. Water GV 20 mg/l (based on ADI). Other No mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic activity. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) II; EPA (formulation) II ('Ambush'); III ('Outflank') EC classification Xn; R22

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Typical oral LD50 values for a cis/trans ratio of c. 40:60 are: for chickens >3000, mallard ducks >9800, Japanese quail >13 500 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 2.5 mg/l; (48 h) for rainbow trout 5.4, bluegill sunfish 1.8 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 0.6 mg/l. Bees Toxic to bees. LD50 (24 h) (oral) 0.098 mg/bee; (topical) 0.029 mg/bee.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
EHC 94 (WHO, 1990). EHC 94 concludes that permethrin is not likely to be a hazard to the environment when used as recommended. Animals In mammals, there is hydrolysis of the ester bond, hydroxylation, and elimination as the glucoside conjugate (M. Elliott et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 1976, 24, 270; L. C. Gaughan et al., ibid., 1978, 26, 613). Soil/Environment In soil and water, degradation is rapid. DT50 in soil <38 d (pH 4.2-7.7, o.m. 1.3-51.3%) (R. L. Holmstead et. al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 1978, 26, 590).