Lambda-cyhalothrin 高效氯氟氰菊酯(功夫菊酯)

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高效氯氟氰菊酯

英文通用名:Lambda-cyhalothrin
分子式:C23H19ClF3NO3
农药类别:杀虫剂
化学分类:拟除虫菊酯
作用方式:触杀、胃毒
化学名称:3-(2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸α-氰基-3-苯氧苄基酯
分析方法:液谱法(Anal.Methods. Pestic. Plant Growth. Regul. 1984.13,9)

理化性质:
纯品为白色固体,黄色至棕色粘稠油状液体(工业品),沸点187-190℃/0.2mmHg,蒸气压约 0.001mPa(20℃),密度1.25(25℃),溶解度水中0.004ppb(20℃),溶于丙酮,二 氯甲烷,甲醇,乙醚,乙酸乙酯,己烷,甲苯均>500g/L(20℃),50℃黑暗处 存放2年不分解,光下稳定,275℃分解,光下pH7-9缓慢分解,pH>9加快分 解。易溶于丙酮、甲醇、醋酸乙酯、甲苯等多种有机溶剂,溶解度均>500g/L;不溶于水。常温下可稳定贮藏半年以上;日光下在水中半衰期20d;土壤中半衰期22~82d。

中毒急救及症状:
中毒症状:属神经毒剂,接触部位皮肤感到刺痛,尤其在口、鼻周围,但无红斑。很少引起全身性中毒。接触 量大时会引起头痛、头昏、恶心、呕吐、双手颤抖,全身抽搐或惊厥、昏迷、休克。
急救治疗:[1]无特殊解毒剂,可对症治疗。[2]大量吞服时可洗胃。[3]不能催吐。
作用及特点:

高效氯氟氰菊酯又叫三氟氯氟氰菊酯、功夫菊酯。它的药效特点,抑制昆虫神经轴突部位的传导,对昆虫具有趋避、击倒及毒杀的作用,杀虫谱广,活性较高,药效迅速,喷洒后耐雨水冲刷,但长期使用易对其产 生抗性,对刺吸式口器的害虫及害螨有一定防效,作用机理与氰戊菊酯、氟氰菊酯相同。不同的是它对螨虫有较好的抑制作用,在螨类发生初期使用,可抑制螨类数量上升,当螨类已大量发生是,就控制不住其数量,因此只能用于冲螨兼职,不能用于专用杀螨剂。

制剂:
有2.5%乳油,2.5%水乳剂、2.5%微胶囊剂、0.6%增效乳油、10%可湿性粉剂及与其它杀虫剂的复配制剂。

用途:
高效、广谱、速效拟除虫菊酯类杀虫、杀螨剂,以触杀和胃毒作用为主,无内吸作用。对鳞翅目、鞘翅目 和半翅目等多种害虫和其他害虫,以及叶螨、锈螨、瘿螨、跗线螨等有良好效果,在虫、螨并发时可以兼治,可防治棉红铃虫和棉铃虫、菜青虫、菜缢管蚜、茶尺蠖、茶毛虫、茶橙瘿螨、叶瘿螨、柑橘叶蛾、橘蚜以及柑橘叶螨、锈螨、桃小食心虫及梨小食心虫等,也可用来防治多种地表和公共卫生害虫。如防治棉红铃虫、棉铃虫,在第二、三代卵盛期, 用2.5%乳油1000~2000倍液喷雾,兼治红蜘蛛、造桥虫、棉盲蝽;防治菜青虫、菜蚜分别以6~10mg/L、6.25~12.5mg/L浓度喷雾;防治柑橘潜叶蛾以4.2~6.2mg/L浓度喷雾。

防治对象:
用于小麦、玉米、果树、棉花、十字花科蔬菜等防治麦芽、吸浆虫、粘虫、玉米螟、甜菜夜蛾、食心虫、卷叶蛾、潜夜蛾、凤蝶、吸果夜蛾、棉铃虫、红龄虫、菜青虫等,用于草原、草地、旱田作物防治草地螟等。
半衰期:4-12周
使用方法:
1,果树2000-3000倍喷雾;
2,小麦蚜虫:20毫升/15公斤水喷雾,水量充分;
3,玉米螟:15毫升/15公斤水喷雾,重点玉米心部;
4,地下害虫:20毫升/15公斤水喷雾,水量充分;土壤干旱不宜使用;
5,水稻螟虫:30-40毫升/15公斤水,于害虫危害初期或低龄期施药。
6,蓟马、粉虱等害虫需要和瑞德丰标冠或者格猛混配使用。

防治地下害虫使用方法
最好选择高含量产品使用,以达到理想防效,目前推荐5%的瑞功微乳剂。
1,地老虎,喷雾使用,要求水量充分;
2,蛴螬和金针虫:预防可以以拌种为主,害虫发生时,喷雾灌根均可,但每亩水量不低于45公斤水;
3,含有特殊引诱成分,对地老虎防效更加突出,可以达到地面死虫的效果;
4,由于使用量大,此类产品使用起来比有机磷更加安全、环保;
5,防治跳甲幼虫,要求苗期灌根处理;由于持效期和安全性等因素建议菜场等替换原有的有机磷(辛硫磷、毒死蜱)等药剂。 代表性产品
代表性产品

东北水稻和玉米使用方法
东北水稻主要地下害虫是潜叶蝇、负泥虫、蟓甲,根据气候不同负泥虫和蟓甲在不同区域发生,有一定差异,但潜叶蝇基本成为常规害虫,农户每年都要进行防治;
1,苗床期:此期间发生蝼蛄危害苗床,致使苗根受害,床土被拱起,稻苗被松死;部分区域已经出现潜叶蝇危害,使用5%瑞功或5%锐豹,每垧地的苗床用200毫升,甩施,可有效控制以上害虫;
2,移栽后: 移栽后7天缓苗后,使用5%瑞功或5%锐豹200-350毫升/垧地拌肥撒施,第二天可见田水清澈;也可以先在喷雾器内稀释,然后拧下喷雾器喷头,直接喷施到田间;这种方法可有效防治潜叶蝇、负泥虫、蟓甲等害虫;由于蟓甲发生时,靠近山边的地块较重,防治是应注意到此种情况;防治得当,可持效30-60天,以上三种害虫全年基本得到控制;
3,6月底至7月中旬,大部分区域出现二化螟危害;二化螟的防治必须在三龄前施药,三龄后钻心危害,基本没有防治价值(因为已经形成危害,且基本难以防治)。此时可以使用瑞功或锐豹+杀虫单或瑞功、反攻+毒死蜱类药剂进行防治,以快速消灭二化螟危害;
东北玉米主要是金针虫危害,造成死苗、甚至钻心而出;
防治方法:
1,苗前瑞功或锐豹和选择性除草剂现混使用,可以有效预防金针虫危害;
2,苗后瑞功或锐豹和选择性除草剂现混使用,不但可以防治金针虫,而且对玉米螟和地老虎效果优秀;
3,生长期遇到玉米螟发生,可单独使用瑞或锐豹全田喷雾,持效期可达2个月以上;

 

 

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lambda-cyhalothrin
Insecticide
IRAC 3; pyrethroid

  lambda-cyhalothrin

NOMENCLATURE
Common name lambda-cyhalothrin (BSI, draft E-ISO); lambda-cyhalothrine ((f) draft F-ISO)
IUPAC name A reaction product comprising equal quantities of (S)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (Z)-(1R,3R)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate and (R)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (Z)-(1S,3S)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
Roth: (S)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (Z)-(1R)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate and (R)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (Z)-(1S)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (1:1)
Chemical Abstracts name [1a(S*),3a(Z)]-(?-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
CAS RN [91465-08-6] EEC no. ELINCS: 415-130-7 Development codes PP321; ICIA0321 (both ICI) Official codes OMS 3021

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Composition Tech. grade is c. 81% pure. Mol. wt. 449.9 M.f. C23H19ClF3NO3 Form Colourless solid; (tech. is a dark brown/green solidified melt). M.p. 49.2 ºC; (tech., 47.5-48.5 ºC) B.p. Does not boil at atmospheric pressure V.p. 2 ´ 10-4 mPa (20 ºC, est.); 2 ´ 10-1 mPa (60 ºC, interpolated) KOW logP = 7 (20 ºC) Henry 2 ´ 10-2 Pa m3 mol-1 S.g./density 1.33 g/ml (25 ºC) Solubility In water 0.005 mg/l (20 °C). In acetone, methanol, toluene, hexane, ethyl acetate >500 g/l. Stability Stable to light. Stable on storage for more than 6 months at 15-25 ºC. pKa >9 (hydrolysis prevents measurement) F.p. 185 °C (tech., Pensky-Martens closed cup)

COMMERCIALISATION
History Insecticide reported by A. R. Jutsum et al. (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Pests Dis., 1984, 2, 421). Introduced in Central America and Far East (1985) by ICI Agrochemicals (now Syngenta AG). Patents EP 107296; EP 106469 Manufacturers Agrochem; Hesenta; Jiangsu Yangnong; Sharda; Syngenta; Tide

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Acts on the nervous system of insects, disturbs the function of neurons by interaction with the sodium channel. Mode of action Non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action, and repellent properties. Gives rapid knockdown and long residual activity. Uses Control of a wide spectrum of insect pests, e.g. aphids, Colorado beetles, thrips, Lepidoptera larvae, Coleoptera larvae and adults, etc., in cereals, hops, ornamentals, potatoes, vegetables, cotton, and other crops. Provides good control of insect-borne plant viruses, at 2-5 g/ha. Also used for control of insect pests in public health. Formulation types CS; EC; EW; UL; WG; WP. Selected products: 'Icon' (Syngenta); 'Karate' (Syngenta); 'Warrior' (Syngenta); 'Phoenix' (Vapco); 'SFK' (Trithin); mixtures: 'Okapi' (+ pirimicarb) (Syngenta)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Demand' (Syngenta, Sorex); 'Hallmark' (Syngenta); 'Kung Fu' (Syngenta); 'Matador' (Syngenta); 'Scimitar' (Syngenta); 'Katron' (Agrochem); 'Tornado' (public health) (Vapco) mixtures: 'Dovetail' (+ pirimicarb) (Syngenta); 'Karate K' (+ pirimicarb) (Syngenta); 'Tornado-Forte+' (+ piperonyl butoxide+ tetramethrin) (public health) (Vapco) Discontinued products: 'Hero' * (Zeneca) mixtures: 'Karapp' * (+ buprofezin) (Zeneca)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis of pyrethroids reviewed by E. Papadopoulou-Mourkidou in Comp. Analyt. Profiles. By capillary glc with FID (CIPAC Handbook, 1992, E, 49-57). Residues determined by glc with ECD (AOAC Methods, 17th Ed., 998.01). Details available from Syngenta.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 79, female rats 56. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats 632-696 mg/kg. Mild eye irritant; non-irritant to skin (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser (guinea pigs). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats 0.06 mg/l air (total particulate). NOEL (1 y) for dogs 0.5 mg/kg daily. ADI 0.005 mg/kg. Other Non-mutagenic in the Ames test. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) II; EPA (formulation) II ('Karate', 'Warrior') EC classification T+; R26| T; R25| Xn; R21| N; R50, R53

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks >3950 mg/kg. Dietary LC50 for quail >5300 mg/kg. No accumulation of residues in eggs or tissues. Fish LC50 (96 h) for bluegill sunfish 0.21, rainbow trout 0.36 mg/l. Daphnia EC50 (48 h) 0.36 mg/l. Algae ErC50 (96 h) for Selenastrum capricornutum >1000 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. Intrinsic toxicity to aquatic organisms is greatly reduced by rapid loss from the water by adsorption and degradation. Bees LD50 (oral) 38 ng/bee; (contact) 909 ng/bee. Worms LC50 for Eisenia foetida >1000 mg/kg soil. Other beneficial spp. Toxic to some non-target arthropods. Effects under field conditions reduced, with rapid recovery.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals In rats, following oral administration, rapidly eliminated in urine and faeces. The ester group is hydrolysed, both moieties forming polar conjugates. Plants For details of metabolism of lambda-cyhalothrin in cotton and soya bean leaves, see D. A. French & J. P. Leahey, Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Pests Dis., 1990, 3, 1029-1034. Soil/Environment Rapidly degraded in soil; DT50 for microbial degradation 23-82 d, for field soil 6-40 d. Strongly adsorbed to soil and sediment organic matter, Koc 330 000. Negligible potential for leaching of lambda-cyhalothrin and its degradation products through soil. Rapid dissipation from water in aquatic systems. DT50 for dissipation from surface waters in lab. water-sediment systems 5-11 h; in a microcosm DT50 <3 h. Rapid and extensive degradation of parent compound in aquatic systems; DT50 for degradation in lab. water-sediment systems 7-15 d; in a microcosm DT50 <3 h, DT90 <3 d.