Isoprothiolane 稻瘟灵

稻瘟灵

中文名称 稻瘟灵
英文名称 isoprothiolane
其他名称 富士一号，IPT

理化性质
学名1，3-二硫-2-亚戊环基丙二酸二异丙酯。纯品为白色结晶，略有臭味，熔点54~54.5℃。原粉为淡黄色结晶，具有有机硫臭味，密度为1.044，熔点50~51℃，沸点为167~169℃（0.07兆帕，0.5毫米汞柱），蒸气压为0.19×10-4兆帕（25℃）。20℃水中溶解度为48mg/L，对光、温度、PH值3-10均稳定，在水中，紫外线下不稳定。

农药简介
毒性 属于低毒杀菌剂。原粉大鼠急性口服LD50为1340毫克/公斤，大鼠急性经皮LD50>10250毫克/公斤。鱼类毒性中等，对蜜蜂和鸟类安全。
剂型 30%、40%乳油，40%可湿性粉剂。
特点 高效内吸杀菌剂，是防治水稻稻瘟病的特效药剂。对稻瘟病具有预防和治疗作用，能够被水稻各部位吸收，并累积到叶部组织，从而发挥药效，耐雨水冲刷并可兼治飞虱。

适用范围
主要防治稻瘟病，同时对水稻纹枯病、小球菌核病和白叶枯病有一定防效。

使用方法
1、防治水稻叶瘟 在田间出现叶瘟发病中心或急性病斑时，每亩用40%可湿性粉剂60-75克，兑水30公斤喷雾，经常发生地区可在发病前7-10天，每亩用40%可湿性粉剂60-100克，兑水30公斤泼浇。
2、防治穗颈瘟 每亩用40%可湿性粉剂75-100克，兑水30公斤喷雾。在孕穗后期到破口和齐穗期各喷1次。

注意事项
1、不能与强碱性农药混用。
2、鱼塘附近使用该药要慎重。
3、安全间隔期为15天。
4、中毒时可用浓盐水洗胃并立即送医院治疗，可采用一般含量化合物的治疗药物。 采用泼浇或撒毒土，药效期虽长，但成本大大提高，一般不宜采用。

isoprothiolane
Fungicide, plant growth regulator
FRAC 6, F2; dithiolane

NOMENCLATURE
Common name isoprothiolane (BSI, JMAF, draft E-ISO, (m) draft F-ISO)
IUPAC name di-isopropyl 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate
Chemical Abstracts name bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenepropanedioate
Other names IPT CAS RN [50512-35-1] Development codes SS 11 946; NNF-109 (both Nihon Nohyaku)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Composition Tech. is ³96%. Mol. wt. 290.4 M.f. C12H18O4S2 Form Colourless, odourless crystals; (tech., yellow solid, with irritating smell). M.p. 54-54.5 ºC; (tech., 50-51 °C) B.p. 167-169 ºC/0.5 mmHg V.p. 18.8 mPa (25 ºC) KOW logP = 3.3 (25 °C) Henry 0.1 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.) S.g./density 1.044 Solubility In water 54 mg/l (25 ºC). In methanol 1510, ethanol 760, acetone 4060, chloroform 4130, benzene 2770, n-hexane 10 (all in g/l, 25 °C). Stability Stable to acid, alkali, light and heat.

COMMERCIALISATION
History Fungicide reported by F. Araki et al. (Proc. Insectic. Fungic. Conf., 8th, 1975, 2, 715). Introduced by Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd in 1975. Manufacturers Nihon Nohyaku

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Inhibits penetration and elongation of infection hyphae, by inhibiting formation of infection peg or cellulase secretion. Mode of action Systemic fungicide with protective and curative action, absorbed by the leaves and roots, with translocation acropetally and basipetally. The mobility in rice plants of various analogues reported (M. Uchida,Pestic. Biochem. Physiol.,1980, 14, 249). Uses Controls the following pathogens and insect pests, at 400-600 g/ha (foliar spray), 3.0-6.0 g/nursery box (spreading treatment), 3.6-6.0 kg/ha (submerged treatment), 360-600 g/tree (soil incorporation): Pyricularia oryzae, Helminthosporium sigmoideum, Fusarium nivale on rice; Rosellinia necatrix on pome fruit, stone fruit and grapes; Delphacidae (planthoppers) on rice. Also used on rice to accelerate rooting, promote root elongation and control non-parasitic damping-off. Phytotoxicity Phytotoxic only to cucurbitaceae. Formulation types DP; EC; GR; WP; Driftless dust. Selected products: 'Fuji-one' (Nihon Nohyaku); 'Vifusi' (Vipesco)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Fudiolan' (Nihon Nohyaku) mixtures: 'Fuji-One Applaud Limber' (+ buprofezin+ furametpyr) (Nihon Nohyaku); 'Fuji-one Prince' (+ fipronil) (Nihon Nohyaku); 'Pika Pika' (+ pyroquilon+ fipronil) (Nihon Nohyaku); 'Vifuki' (+ iprobenfos) (Vipesco) Discontinued products mixtures: 'Fuji-One Kayaphos Oncol' * (+ propaphos+ benfuracarb) (Nihon Nohyaku)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by glc with FID (CIPAC Handbook, 1992, E, 105-9; T. Hattori & M. Kanauchi, Anal. Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul., 1978, 10, 229). Residues determined by glc with ECD (idem, ibid.).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 1190, female rats 1340, male mice 1340 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for male and female rats >10 000 mg/kg. Slight eye irritant; not a skin irritant. Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >2.7 mg/l. Other Non-mutagenic in the Ames test. In reproduction and teratogenicity studies on rats, no adverse effects were observed. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) III; EPA (formulation) III

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for male Japanese quail 4710, female Japanese quail 4180 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (48 h) for rainbow trout 6.8, carp 6.7 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (3 h) 62 ppm.