Fluopicolide 氟吡菌胺

氟吡菌胺
德国拜耳作物科学公司出品的银法利687.5克／升悬浮剂为氟吡菌胺和霜霉威的复配液体制剂，对霜霉病、疫病、晚疫病、猝倒病等常见卵菌纲病害具有杰出防效，对作物和环境安全，特别适用于优质、绿色蔬菜生产。 　　
它是一个防治卵菌纲蔬菜病害的高效保护和治疗效果来源其独特的混剂配方。该产品具有优良的系统传导性和较强的薄层穿透力，对病原菌各主要形态均有较好的抑制作用，能够为新叶、茎干、块茎、幼果提供全面和持久保护。由于药剂能够经叶面快速吸收，所以耐雨水冲刷，为雨季蔬菜防病提供可靠保障。 　　
该产品主要应用在各类蔬菜和葡萄作物上，防治黄瓜霜霉病和马铃薯晚疫病。

英文通用名： fluopicolide

分 子 式： C14H8Cl3F3N2O

CAS 号： 239110-15-7

中文化学名称 2,6-二氯-N-[(3-氯-5-三氟甲基-2-吡啶基)甲基]苯甲酰胺
结构式：

理化性质：原药外观为米色粉末状细微晶体，制剂为深米黄色、无味、不透明液体。熔点150℃，分解温度320℃，蒸汽压(20℃)3.03×10-7Pa，溶解度：水中4mg/L，有机溶剂(g/L)乙醇19.2、正己烷0.20、甲苯20.5、二氯甲烷126、丙酮74.7、乙酸乙酯37.7、二甲基亚砜183，在水中稳定，受光照影响较小。常温贮存3年稳定。

毒 性：氟吡菌胺原药大鼠急性经口、经皮LD50>5000mg/kg；对兔皮肤无刺激性，兔眼睛有轻度刺激性；豚鼠皮肤致敏试验结果为无致敏性；大鼠90d亚慢性饲喂试验最大无作用剂量为100mg/kg(饲料浓度)；三项致突变试验：Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、染色体畸变试验结果均为阴性，未见致突变性；在试验剂量内大鼠未见致畸、致癌作用。687.5克/升氟吡菌胺·霜霉悬浮剂大鼠急性经口LD50>2500mg/kg，急性经皮LD50 >5000mg/kg；兔皮肤和眼睛无刺激性，豚鼠皮肤致敏试验结果为无致敏性。氟吡菌胺原药和687.5克/升氟吡菌胺·霜霉悬浮剂属低毒杀菌剂。
ADI: 0.079mg/kg.bw/d

作用机理：氟吡菌胺为酰胺类广谱杀菌剂，对卵菌纲病菌有很高的生物活性，具有保护和治疗作用。氟吡菌胺有较强的渗透性。能从叶片上表面向下面渗透，从叶基向叶尖方向传导。对幼芽处理后能够保护叶片不受病菌侵染，还能从根部沿植株木质部向整株作物分布，但不能沿韧皮部传导。

应用作物：氟吡菌胺主要应用在各类蔬菜和葡萄上。

防治对象及使用方法：

687.5克/升氟吡菌胺·霜霉悬浮剂，是一个防治蔬菜卵菌纲病害的高效混剂，具有保护和治疗双重作用，对霜霉病、疫病、晚疫病、猝倒病等常见卵菌纲病害具有杰出防效，对作物和环境安全。用药量为618.8～773.4g有效成份/hm2(折成该悬浮剂制剂商品量为60～75g/667m2)，加水稀释后，于发病初期叶面喷雾。

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/registration/fs_PC-027412_01-Mar-07.pdf
Empirical Formula: C14H8Cl3F3N2O
Common name: Fluopicolide
Company experimental name: AE C638206
IUPAC name: 2,6-dichloro-N-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridylmethyl]benzamide
CAS name: 2,6-dichloro-N-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]benzamide
CAS Registry Number: 239110-15-7

Use Pattern and Formulations
Fluopicolide is a fungicide to be used on imported grapes. Three foliar applications are to be made to grapes in Europe at the maximum seasonal application rate of 0.36 lb ai/A. Minimum retreatment intervals of 10 days and a preharvest interval of 21 days are to be observed.
Fluopicolide controls a wide range of Oomycete (Phycomycete) diseases including downy mildews (Plasmopara, Pseudoperonospara, Peronospora, Bremia), late blight (Phytophthora), and some Pythium species.
The mode of action of fluopicolide has not been determined; however, it is a mode of action unlike the known modes of action of other registered fungicides.
Fluopicolide is a mesosystemic fungicide; it translocates toward the stem tips via the xylem but it does not translocate toward the roots.
2,6-Dichlorobenzamide (BAM) is a metabolite and/or environmental degradate of both fluopicolide and dichlobenil. For use on imported grapes BAM was not included in the risk assessment however, both parent fluopicolide and BAM will be included in risk assessments for future uses of fluopicolide on domestic crops since more exposure to BAM is expected with domestic uses.
There are currently no registered uses of fluopicolide in the U.S., although another petition for fluopicolide domestic uses, including grapes and raisins, is currently pending with the Agency. No Codex, Canadian, or Mexican MRLs have been established for fluopicolide.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Parameter Value
Molecular Weight 383.59
Melting point/range 149 °C
pH 6.5 at 22.0 °C
Density 1.65 g/cc
Water solubility (20 °C) 2.86 mg/L at pH 4
2.80 mg/L at pH 7
2.80 mg/L at pH 9
Solvent solubility (g/L at 20 °C) n-Hexane: 0.20
Ethanol: 19.2
Toluene: 20.5
Ethyl acetate: 37.7
Acetone: 74.7
Dichloromethane: 126
Dimethyl sulfoxide: 183
Vapor pressure at 25 °C 8.03 x 10-7 Pa
Dissociation constant (pKa) No evidence of ionization in the pH range of 1.9 to 9.8
Octanol/water partition coefficient Log(KOW) Log POW = 3.26 at pH 7.8 and 22 ± 1 °C
Log POW = 2.9 at pH 4.0, 7.3 and 9.1 and 40 °C
UV/visible absorption spectrum Absorption maxima wavelengths (nm):
In methanol: 203 and 271
In methanol/HCl: 202 and 270
In methanol/NaOH: 219 and 271