Fenoxaprop Ethyl 恶唑禾草灵

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噁唑灵

恶唑灵又名恶唑灵,恶唑禾草灵,骠马等,无色固体。为2-(4-芳氧基苯氧基)丙酸类除草剂,是脂肪酸合成抑制剂,可防除一年生和多年生单子叶杂草。

【中文名称】恶唑灵;恶唑禾草灵;骠马;威霸;2-(4-(6-氯-2苯并恶唑氧基)苯氧基)丙酸乙酯
【英文名称】fenoxaprop;fenoxaprop;Acclaim;Furore;Pume Super (Hoechst);Whip
【结构或分子式】
【相对分子量或原子量】361.5
【熔点(℃)】84~85
【蒸气压(Pa)】19nPa(20℃)
【毒性LD50(mg/kg)】
雄、雌大白鼠急性经口毒性分别为2357、2500,雄、雌小白鼠急性经口分别为4670、5490。雄大白鼠急性经皮大于2000,兔急性经皮大于1000。对鼠、兔皮肤有轻微刺激作用。狗和大白鼠的90天饲喂试验的无作用剂量分别为16、80mg/kg饲料。鹌鹑急性经口大于2510。蓝腮太阳鱼的LC50(96h)为0.31mg/L。
【性状】
无色固体。
【溶解情况】
25℃溶解性:水0.9mg/L,丙酮大于500g/kg,环己烷、乙醇、正辛醇大于10g/kg,乙酸乙酯大于200g/kg,甲苯大于300g/kg。

用途
本品为2-(4-芳氧基苯氧基)丙酸类除草剂,是脂肪酸合成抑制剂,以100~200g(有效成分)/ha芽后施用,防除大豆、棉花、甜菜等双子叶作物田一年生、多年生单子叶杂草;本品与安全剂混用,可防除小麦田野燕麦、看麦娘、稗草、普通早熟禾、大狗尾草等单子叶杂草,用量120~150g(有效成分)/ha。施药适期为1叶期至分蘖初期,对土壤湿度的要求不严,对小麦安全,不影响后茬水稻生长。对大麦、元麦、玉米等作物有药害,可与禾草灵、异丙隆等混用,不能与灭草松(苯达松)、甲羧除草醚等混用。
6.9%浓乳剂防除春小麦田野燕麦等一年生禾本科杂草,以42~52.5g/ha喷雾。

制备
以邻氨基苯酚为起始原料,经闭环、氯化、醚化、缩合等反应制得。在反应瓶中先加一定量的邻氨基苯酚,在搅拌下加入硫酸和适量的冰、尿素,加热至100℃左右,再滴加一部分硫酸,保持反应1小时,生成物加水、冷却、过滤、水洗、干燥,得苯并恶唑-2-酮(Ⅰ),纯度90%以上,收率90%。在四口反应瓶中加入一定量的Ⅰ和溶剂,搅拌下加热至一定温度时通入干燥的氯气,通氯量为理论量的110%~130%,氯化完成后冷却、过滤、干燥,得6-氯苯并恶唑-2-酮(Ⅱ),收率80%~90%。将一定量的Ⅱ和过量的五氯化磷加入反应瓶中,即得2,6-二氯苯并恶唑(Ⅲ),收率50%~70%。将α-氯丙酸与乙醇及酸加入反应瓶中,加热到回流温度并保持一定时间后,冷却,蒸馏,得α-丙酸乙酯(Ⅳ)。Ⅳ和对苯二酚(过量)在搅拌下加热至一定温度,并保持一定时间,真空蒸馏,得α-(4-羟基苯氧基)丙酸乙酯(Ⅴ)。Ⅲ和Ⅴ在溶剂中加热反应,蒸馏除去溶剂,即得恶唑灵,收率80%以上。
【消耗定额(t/t)】
邻氨基苯酚 0.80 2-氯丙酸 0.60
尿素 0.75 乙醇 0.30
五氯化磷 1.40 对苯二酚 0.61
氯气 0.60

其他
50℃下稳定6个月,对光不敏感,因碱、酸而分解,土壤中DT50为1~10天。

 

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fenchlorazole-ethyl
Herbicide safener

Fenoxaprop Ethyl

 NOMENCLATURE
Common name (for acid) fenchlorazole (BSI, draft E-ISO)
IUPAC name ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylate
Chemical Abstracts name ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trichloromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylate
CAS RN [103112-35-2]; [103112-36-3] (acid) Development codes Hoe 070542 (Hoechst); Hoe 072829 (acid)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 403.5; (acid 375.4) M.f. C12H8Cl5N3O2; (acid C10H4Cl5N3O2) Form White, practically odourless solid. M.p. 108-112 ºC V.p. 8.9 ´ 10-4 mPa (20 ºC) (OECD 104) S.g./density 1.7 (20 ºC) Solubility In water 0.9 mg/l (pH 4.5, 20 ºC). In n-hexane 2.5, methanol 27, toluene 270, acetone 360, dichloromethane >500 (all in g/l, 20 ºC). Stability Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 115 d (pH 5), 5.5 d (pH 7), 0.079 d (pH 9).

COMMERCIALISATION
History Herbicide safener reported by H. Bieringer et al. (Proc. 1989 Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 1, 77). Fenchlorazole-ethyl introduced by Hoechst AG (now Bayer CropScience). Manufacturers Bayer CropScience

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Fenchlorazole-ethyl synergises the activity of fenoxaprop-ethyl in susceptible species by enhancing de-esterification to the acid, which is the active form. It also enhances the tolerance of wheat by accelerating the metabolic breakdown of fenoxaprop, leading to the formation of non-phytotoxic degradation products (J. C. Hall & G. R. Stephenson, Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 1995, 1, 261; J. C. Hall et al., Proc. 9th IUPAC Int. Congr. Pestic. Chem., London, 1998, 5E-005). Mode of action Applied to the foliage of wheat in combination with the grass herbicide fenoxaprop-ethyl or fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, it prevents growth retardation, leaf discolouration, and chlorosis of the crop. Uses Used as a safener for fenoxaprop-ethyl or fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in post-emergence control of grass weeds in wheat, durum wheat, rye, and triticale.

ANALYSIS
Details of hplc method are available from Bayer CropScience.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000, mice >2000 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats and rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to eyes and skin (rabbits). Non-sensitising to skin (guinea pigs). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) >1.52 mg/l. NOEL (90 d) for rats 1280, male mice 80, female mice 320, dogs 80 mg/kg diet; (1 y) for dogs 80 mg/kg diet. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) U

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks >2400 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 0.08 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 1.8 mg/l. Bees Not harmful to bees: LC50 (48 h) >300 mg/bee.