Ethoprophos 灭线磷

灭线磷

英文通用名 ethoprophos
其他名称 丙线磷，益收宝，灭克磷，益舒宝
毒性 属于高毒杀线虫剂。原药大鼠急性经口LD50为61mg/kg，急性经皮LD50为226mg/kg，急性吸入LC50为249mg/L。对眼睛有轻微刺激作用，对皮肤无刺激作用，在试验剂量内对动物无致癌、致畸、致突变作用。对鸟类和鱼类高毒，对蜜蜂毒性中等。
剂型 5%、10%、20%颗粒剂。

特点
该药是具有触杀作用但无内吸和熏蒸作用的有机磷酸酯类杀线虫剂。属于明碱酯酶抑制剂。半衰期14-28天。 适用范围 对花生、菠萝、香蕉、烟草及观赏植物线虫及地下害虫有效。

使用方法
1. 花生根结线虫防治 每亩用10%颗粒剂2000-300g或20%颗粒剂1500-1750g，穴施或沟施，但注意药剂不能与种子直接接触，否则易产生药害。在穴内或沟内施药后先覆一薄层的有机肥，再播种覆土。
2. 花卉线虫防治 在花卉移植时，先在20%颗粒剂的200-400倍液中浸渍15-30min后再种植，或者以每平方米用20%颗粒剂5g施入土中。
3. 蔬菜线虫防治 每亩用20%颗粒剂2000-6500g，兑水喷于土壤上。
4. 马铃薯线虫防治 每亩用20%颗粒剂3330g，兑水施于20cm深土壤中。
5. 甘薯线虫防治 每亩用20%颗粒剂1000-1330g，施于40cm深土壤中。

注意事项
1. 该药易通过皮肤进入人体。因此，要避免接触皮肤，如溅入眼睛或皮肤应立即用清水冲洗。
2. 药剂应存放在远离食品及儿童接触不到的地方。
3. 对鱼、鸟类低毒，避免污染河流和水塘。
4. 发生中毒应立即用盐水或芥末水引吐并给病人喝牛奶和水，有效解毒剂是阿托品和解磷定。

ethoprophos
Nematicide, insecticide
IRAC 1B; organophosphate

NOMENCLATURE
Common name ethoprophos (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO); ethoprop (ANSI, ESA, Society of Nematologists (USA))
IUPAC name O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate
Chemical Abstracts name O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate
CAS RN [13194-48-4] EEC no. 236-152-1 Development codes VC9-104 (Mobil)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 242.3 M.f. C8H19O2PS2 Form Pale yellow liquid. B.p. 86-91 ºC/0.2 mmHg V.p. 46.5 mPa (26 ºC) KOW logP = 3.59 (21 ºC) S.g./density 1.094 (20 ºC) Solubility In water 700 mg/l (20 ºC). In acetone, ethanol, xylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, petroleum spirit, cyclohexane >300 g/kg (20 ºC). Stability Very stable in neutral and weakly acidic media. Rapidly hydrolysed in alkaline media. Stable in water up to 100 ºC at pH 7. F.p. 140 ºC (closed cup)

COMMERCIALISATION
History Nematicide reported by S. J. Locascio (Proc. Fla. St. Hortic. Soc., 1966, 79, 170). Introduced by Mobil Chemical Co. (who no longer manufacture or market it) and later by Rhône-Poulenc Agrochimie (now Bayer CropScience). Patents US 3112244; US 3268393 to Mobil Manufacturers Bayer CropScience

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Cholinesterase inhibitor. Mode of action Non-systemic nematicide and soil insecticide with contact action. Uses Control of plant-parasitic nematodes and soil insects in ornamentals, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, vegetables, maize, soya beans, peanuts, cucurbits, strawberries, citrus, tobacco, bananas, pineapples, sugar cane, turf, and other crops, at 1.6-6.6 kg/ha. Formulation types EC; GR. Compatibility Incompatible with alkaline materials. Selected products: 'Mocap' (Bayer CropScience); 'Vimoca' (Vipesco)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Rhocap' (Bayer CropScience) mixtures: 'Holdem' (+ phorate) (Bayer CropScience); 'Mocap Plus' (+ disulfoton) (Bayer CropScience) Discontinued products: 'Prophos' * (Rhône-Poulenc)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by glc with TCD (F. A. Norris et al., Anal. Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul., 1988, 16, 3). Residues determined by glc with MCD or FPD (idem, ibid.; Man. Pestic. Residue Anal., 1987, I, 6, S19; Anal. Methods Residues Pestic., 1988, Part I, M2, M5; A. Ambrus et al., J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1981, 64, 733). In drinking water, by glc with NPD (AOAC Methods, 17th Ed., 991.07).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews FAO/WHO 86, 88 (see part 2 of the Bibliography). Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats 62, rabbits 55 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits 26 mg/kg. May cause skin and eye irritation. Inhalation LC50 for rats 123 mg/m3. NOEL In 90 d feeding trials, rats and dogs receiving 100 mg/kg diet showed depression of cholinesterase levels but no other effect on pathology or histology. ADI (JMPR) 0.0004 mg/kg b.w. [1999]. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) Ia; EPA (formulation) II EC classification T+; R27| T; R25

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks 61, hens 5.6 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 13.8, bluegill sunfish 2.1, goldfish 13.6 mg/l. Bees Not hazardous to bees when used as directed.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
EHC 63 (WHO, 1986; a general review of organophosphorus insecticides). Animals In rats, the principal metabolite is O-ethyl-S-propylphosphothioic acid, which is no more toxic than ethoprophos itself. Plants In plants such as haricot beans and maize, ethoprophos is rapidly broken down into non-toxic metabolites such as methyl propyl sulfide, methyl propyl sulfoxide and methyl propyl sulfone. Although it enters the root system of plants, ethoprophos cannot be considered to be systemic, as it is not carried into the aerial parts. Therefore it usually leaves no detectable residues. Soil/Environment DT50 in humus-containing soil (pH 4.5) c. 87 d; in sandy loam (pH 7.2-7.3) c. 14-28 d (J. H. Smelt et al., Pestic. Sci., 1977, 8, 147-151). Freundlich K 1.08 (sandy loam, o.m. 1.0%), 1.24 (sandy loam, o.m. 1.98%), 2.10 (silt loam, o.m. 2.3%), 3.78 (silty clay loam, o.m. 4.1%).