Diuron 敌草隆

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敌草隆

本品纯品为无色结晶固体,熔点158~159℃,易溶于热酒精,27℃时在丙酮中溶解度为5.3%,稍溶于醋酸乙酯、乙醇和热苯。不溶于水,在水中的溶解度为25℃时42 ppm。在烃类中溶解度低。对氧化和水解稳定。

简介
物质的理化常数:
国标编号 61904
CAS号 330-54-1
中文名称 敌草隆
英文名称 Diuron;N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-N',N'-dimethylurea
别 名 N-(3,4-二氯苯基)-N',N'-二甲基脲
分子式 C9H10Cl2N2O 外观与性状 纯品为白色无臭晶体
分子量 233.10 蒸汽压 0.04×10-6kPa(50℃)
熔 点 158~159℃ 沸点:180~190℃ 溶解性 微溶于水、烃类
密 度 相对密度(空气=1)8.04 稳定性 稳定
危险标记 15(有害品,远离食品) 主要用途 用于除草
物理性质
含量,% ≥ 一等品:98; 合格品:97

应用
本品用于防除非耕作区一般杂草,防杂草重新蔓延。本品也用于芦笋、柑桔、棉花、凤梨、甘蔗、温带树木和灌木水果的除草。

2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害
侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害:本品属低毒除草剂。误服会中毒。对粘膜和上呼吸道有刺激作用。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为
毒性:属低毒类。
急性毒性:LD503400mg/kg(大鼠经口);人经口500mg/kg,最小致死剂量。
亚急性和慢性毒性:大鼠经口5000ppm×90日,未引起死亡,但体重下降,红细胞减少。
危险特性:遇明火、高热可燃。受高热分解,放出有毒的烟气。
燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氮氧化物、氯化氢。
3.现场应急监测方法:
4.实验室监测方法:
气相色谱法《现代环境监测方法》(水、粮食和土壤)张晓林等主编
5.环境标准:
前苏联(1975) 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 5mg/m3
前苏联(1978) 环境空气中最高容许浓度 0.05mg/m3
前苏联(1978) 渔业用水中最高容许浓度 1.5μg/L
前苏联(1978) 地面水中有害有机物的最大允许浓度 1.0mg/L
前苏联(1975) 污水中有机物最大允许浓度 10mg/L
联合国规划署(1974) 保护水生生物淡水中农药的最大允许浓度 1.6μg/L

泄漏应急处理
隔离泄漏污染区,周围设警告标志,建议应急处理人员戴好口罩、护目镜,穿工作服。小心扫起,置于袋中转移至安全场所。也可以用大量水冲洗,经稀释的洗水放入废水系统。如大量泄漏,收集回收或无害处理后废弃。

防护措施
呼吸系统防护:生产操作或农业使用时,佩带防毒口罩。必要时佩戴防毒面具。
眼睛防护:必要时可采用安全面罩。
身体防护:穿紧袖工作服,长筒胶鞋。
手防护:必要时戴防护手套。
其它:工作现场严禁吸烟、进食和饮水。工作后,淋浴更衣。注意个人清洁卫生。

急救措施
皮肤接触:用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。就医。
眼睛接触:拉开眼睑,用流动清水冲洗15分钟。就医。
吸入:脱离现场至空气新鲜处。就医。
食入:误服者,饮适量温水,催吐。就医。
灭火方法:泡沫、干粉、砂土、水。

 

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diuron
Herbicide
HRAC C2 WSSA 7; urea

  diuron

NOMENCLATURE
Common name diuron (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, ANSI, WSSA); DCMU (JMAF); dichlorfenidim* (former exception, USSR)
IUPAC name 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
Chemical Abstracts name N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea
CAS RN [330-54-1] EEC no. 206-354-4 Development codes DPX 14740 (DuPont)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 233.1 M.f. C9H10Cl2N2O Form Colourless crystals. M.p. 158-159 ºC V.p. 1.1 ´ 10-3 mPa (25 ºC) KOW logP = 2.85?.03 (25 ºC) Henry 7.04 ´ 10-6 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.) S.g./density 1.48 Solubility In water 36.4 mg/l (25 ºC). In acetone 53, butyl stearate 1.4, benzene 1.2 (all in g/kg, 27 ºC). Sparingly soluble in hydrocarbons. Stability Stable in neutral media at normal temperatures, but hydrolysed at elevated temperatures. Hydrolysed by acids and alkalis. Decomposes at 180-190 ºC.

COMMERCIALISATION
History Herbicide reported by H. C. Bucha & C. W. Todd (Science, 1951, 114, 493). Introduced by E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. (who no longer manufacture or market it). Patents US 2655445 Manufacturers Ancom; Bayer CropScience; Cedar; Crystal; Drexel; ÉMV; Griffin; Hegang Heyou; Hodogaya; Makhteshim-Agan; Milenia; Nufarm Ltd; Sannong; United Phosphorus

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Photosynthetic electron transport inhibitor at the photosystem II receptor site. Mode of action Systemic herbicide, absorbed principally by the roots, with translocation acropetally in the xylem. Uses Total control of weeds and mosses on non-crop areas, at 10-30 kg/ha. Selective control of germinating grass and broad-leaved weeds in many crops, including asparagus, tree fruit, bush fruit, citrus fruit, vines, olives, pineapples, bananas, sugar cane, cotton, peppermint, alfalfa, forage legumes, cereals, maize, sorghum, and perennial grass-seed crops, at 0.6-4.8 kg/ha. Phytotoxic residues in soil disappear within 1 season at these lower rates. Formulation types SC; WG; WP. Selected products: 'Direx' (Griffin); 'Karmex' (Griffin); 'Diurex' (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Inquiron' (Inquiport); 'Sadiuron' (ÉMV); 'Sanuron' (Dow AgroSciences); 'Unidron' (Unicrop); 'Vidiu' (Vipesco); mixtures: 'Rapir Neu' (+ amitrole) (Bayer CropScience)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Baron' (Chemiplant); 'Cañex' (Agricultura Nacional); 'Cention' (Bayer CropScience); 'Crisuron' (Crystal); 'Diuranex' (Aragro); 'Dynex' (Crystal, Cedar); 'Freeway' (Bayer CropScience); 'Monex' (Ancom); 'Sanduron' (Dow AgroSciences); 'Seduron' (Bayer CropScience); 'Striker' (Sanonda); 'Toterbane' (Diachem); 'Valtri D-80' (IQV) mixtures: 'Krovar' (+ bromacil) (DuPont); 'Ametron' (+ ametryn) (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Amigo' (+ amitrole) (Nufarm SA); 'Anibal' (+ atrazine) (Aragro); 'Anuron' (+ paraquat dichloride) (Ancom); 'Atlas Pink C' (+ propham+ chlorpropham) (Atlas); 'Borocil K' (+ bromacil) (Bayer CropScience); 'Cottonex D' (+ fluometuron) (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Crisquat D' (+ paraquat dichloride) (Crystal); 'Dexuron' (+ paraquat dichloride) (Nomix-Chipman); 'Diquick' (+ MSMA) (Agriliance); 'Dirimal' (+ oryzalin) (Dow AgroSciences); 'Diumate' (+ MSMA) (Drexel); 'Donjon' (+ flumioxazin) (Sumitomo, Philagro); 'Duopan' (+ oryzalin) (Dow AgroSciences); 'Ginstar' (+ thidiazuron) (Bayer CropScience); 'Glidus' (+ glyphosate-isopropylammonium) (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Gramocil' (+ paraquat dichloride) (Syngenta); 'Herboxone D' (+ paraquat dichloride) (Crystal); 'Hexaron' (+ hexazinone) (Milenia); 'Hockey Pro' (+ glyphosate-isopropylammonium) (Monsanto); 'Kytrol G' (+ amitrole+ bromacil) (Nufarm SA); 'Nomix TH 20' (+ glyphosate-isopropylammonium) (Nomix-Chipman, Monsanto); 'Pardy' (+ paraquat dichloride) (Agricultura Nacional); 'Sahara' (+ imazapyr) (BASF); 'Simazol Plus' (+ simazine+ amitrole) (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Surefire' (+ paraquat dichloride) (Syngenta); 'Topanex Ter' (+ glyphosate+ terbuthylazine) (Aragro); 'Topsite' (+ imazapyr) (BASF); 'Touch? (+ glyphosate) (Nomix-Chipman); 'Trevissimo' (+ glyphosate-isopropylammonium) (Calliope); 'Trik' (+ 2,4-D-sodium+ amitrole) (Nufarm UK); 'Ustinex G' (+ glyphosate-isopropylammonium) (Bayer CropScience); 'Xanadu' (+ glyphosate) (Bayer CropScience) Discontinued products: 'Cekuron' * (Cequisa); 'Rescind' * (Aventis) mixtures: 'Dropp Ultra' * (+ thidiazuron) (Aventis); 'Novorail' * (+ ethidimuron+ amitrole) (CFPI); 'Uracom' * (+ amitrole) (Luxan); 'Weedfree 365' * (+ simazine+ amitrole) (Agrichem Int.); 'Xanadu' * (+ glyphosate) (Monsanto)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by hplc (G. W. Sheehan, Anal. Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul., 1984, 13, 227), or by hydrolysis and titration of the amine liberated (CIPAC Handbook, 1980, 1A, 1251), details available from DuPont. Impurities by tlc (ibid., 1994, F, 336). Residues determined by glc (Anal. Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul., 1972, 6, 664; W. E. Bleidner, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1954, 2, 682). Hydrolysis to 3,4-dichloroaniline, a derivative of which is measured colorimetrically, may also be used (H. L. Pease, ibid., 1962, 10, 279; R. L. Dalton & H. L. Pease, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1962, 45, 377). In water, by lc with u.v. detection (AOAC Methods, 17th Ed., 992.14).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats >3000 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg for 80% WG. Mild eye irritant (WP formulation) (rabbits); non-irritating to intact skin (50% aqueous paste) (guinea pigs). Non-sensitising to skin (guinea pigs). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >5 mg/l. NOEL (2 y) for rats 250, dogs 125 mg/kg diet (H. C. Hodge et al., Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 1967, 5, 513). ADI (EPA) 0.002 mg/kg. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) U; EPA (formulation) III EC classification R40| Xn; R22, R48/22| N; R50, R53

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Dietary LC50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail 1730, Japanese quail >5000, mallard ducklings >5000, pheasant chicks >5000 mg/kg diet. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 5.6, bluegill sunfish 5.9, guppies 25 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 12 mg/l. Bees Not toxic to bees.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals In mammals, metabolism is principally by hydroxylation and dealkylation (C. Boehme & W. Ernst, Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 1965, 3, 797-802). Plants In plants, diuron undergoes demethylation of the nitrogen atom and hydroxylation at position 2 of the benzene ring. Soil/Environment In soil, enzymic and microbial demethylation of the nitrogen atom and hydroxylation at position 2 of the benzene ring occur. Duration of activity in soil is c. 4-8 mo, depending on soil type and humidity; DT50 90-180 d (G. D. Hill et al., Agron. J., 1955, 47, 93; T. J. Sheets, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1964, 12, 30). Koc 400.