Difenacoum 鼠得克

鼠得克

中文名称：鼠得克
中文别名： 敌拿鼠;联苯杀鼠萘; 3-(3-联苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘基-1-基)-4-羟基-2H-1-苯并吡喃-2-酮
英文名称：Difenacoum
英文别名： Diphenacoum; Neosorexa; Ratak; 3-(3-biphenyl-4-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin; Difenakum; 3-(3-p-Diphenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-yl) -4-hydroxycoumarin; COUMARIN, 3-(3-(4-BIPHENYLYL)-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-1-NAPHTHYL)-4-HYDROXY-; 3-(3-(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; 2-hydroxy-3-[3-(4-phenylphenyl)-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]chromen-4-one; 3-[3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one; 3-[3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one

CAS号：56073-07-5
EINECS号：259-978-4
分子式：C31H24O3
分子量：444.5205
InChI：InChI=1/C31H24O3/c32-30-26-12-6-7-13-28(26)34-31(33)29(30)27-19-24(18-23-10-4-5-11-25(23)27)22-16-14-21(15-17-22)20-8-2-1-3-9-20/h1-17,24,27,32H,18-19H2

鼠得克(56073-07-5)的性状如下：
1、白色结粉末，熔点215～217℃，蒸气压0.77mPa(55℃)和0.16mPa(45℃)。
2、在25～35℃下可稳定3个月。
3、鼠得克不溶于水，和石油醚，稍溶于丙酮和乙醇，能溶于苯和氯仿中。
4、稳定性：在≤100℃下、在日光下稳定。

鼠得克(56073-07-5)的毒性：
1、急性口服毒性LD50(mg/kg)值：雄大鼠1.8、雌大鼠2.45，雄小鼠0.8、豚鼠50、猪80～100、狗>50、猫100、羊＞100、兔2.0、小鸡50。
2、急性经皮毒性：雄大鼠27.4mg/kg，雌大鼠17.2mg/kg，兔为1g/kg。用含0.5%鼠得克有效成分的溶液对兔眼睛作试验，无刺激性。高浓度的鼠得克乙二醇溶液对兔的皮肤亦无刺激性。
3、鱼毒性：鼠得克对虹鳟鱼的阈浓度为0.10mg/L，该浓度远远超过了正常使用下引起水污染的鼠得克剂量。小鸡的急性经口LD50>50mg/kg，水蚤LC50(48小时)0.52mg/L。

安全信息
安全说明:
S45：出现意外或者感到不适，立刻到医生那里寻求帮助（最好带去产品容器标签）。
S60：本物质残余物和容器必须作为危险废物处理。
S61：避免排放到环境中。参考专门的说明 / 安全数据表。
S36/37：穿戴合适的防护服和手套。

危险类别码:
R28：吞咽极毒。
R50/53：对水生生物极毒，可能导致对水生环境的长期不良影响。

鼠得克(56073-07-5)的作用方式： 属第2代抗凝血杀鼠剂。

鼠得克(56073-07-5)的作用机理： 其作用机理与其他抗凝血剂相同。

鼠得克(56073-07-5)的防治对象和使用方法： 鼠得克和大隆类似，除能杀灭抗性的屋顶鼠和小家鼠外，还能杀灭其他多种鼠类。

生产方法及其他:
鼠得克(56073-07-5)的分析方法： 产品分析用HPCL或红外光谱法，残留物用HPLC测定。

difenacoum
Rodenticide
coumarin anticoagulant; hydroxycoumarin

NOMENCLATURE
Common name difenacoum (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO)
IUPAC name 3-(3-biphenyl-4-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin
Chemical Abstracts name 3-[3-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one
CAS RN [56073-07-5] EEC no. 259-978-4

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Composition Tech. material is >90% pure. Mol. wt. 444.5 M.f. C31H24O3 Form Colourless, odourless crystals; (tech., buff/beige powder). M.p. 215-217 ºC V.p. 0.16 mPa (45 ºC) KOW logP >7 (calc., unionised) Solubility In water 31 ´ 10-3 (pH 5.2), 2.5 (pH 7.3), 84 (pH 9.3) (all in mg/l, 20 °C). Slightly soluble in alcohols. In acetone, chloroform >50, ethyl acetate 2, benzene 0.6 (all in g/l, 25 ºC). Stability Stable to light, and to temperatures up to 100 ºC.

COMMERCIALISATION
History Rodenticide reported by M. Hadler (J. Hyg., 1975, 74, 441). Introduced by Sorex (London) Ltd (now Sorex Ltd) and later by ICI Agrochemicals, now Syngenta AG, who sold their rights to Sorex in 2003. First marketed in 1976. Patents GB 1458670 to Sorex Manufacturers Sorex

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide. Inhibits the vitamin K-dependent steps in the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX and X. Mode of action Indirect anticoagulant rodenticide. Uses Effective against rats and most mice resistant to other anticoagulants. For a review, see A. P. Buckle & R. H. Smith, "Rodent Pests and their Control", CABI. Formulation types AB; BB; CB; RB. Selected products: 'Neosorexa' (Sorex); 'Ratak' (Sorex); 'Kemifen' (Kemio); 'Ratzenmice Baits' (Trithin); mixtures: 'Sorexa CD Concentrate' (+ ergocalciferol) (Sorex); 'Sorexa CD3 Concentrate' (+ vitamin D3) (Sorex)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Sorexa Gel' (Sorex); 'Rataway' (Deosan); 'Sakarat D' (Killgerm) mixtures: 'Sorexa CD Mouse Bait' (+ vitamin D3) (Sorex); 'Sorexa CD Mouse Killer' (+ vitamin D3) (Sorex) Discontinued products: 'Neokil' * (Sorex); 'Rat Rods' * (Killgerm); 'Ratak' * (Killgerm); 'Ridak' * (Zeneca); 'Wax Bait' * (Killgerm)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by hplc (K. Hunter, Anal. Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul., 1988, 16, 151) or by u.v. spectrometry (details from Sorex Ltd). Residues determined by hplc (idem, ibid.).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 1.8, female rats 2.45, male mice 0.8, rabbits 2.0, female guinea pigs 50, dogs >50, cats >100, pigs >50 mg/kg. Sub-acute oral LD50 (5 d) for male rats 0.16 mg/kg/day. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for male rats 27.4, female rats 17.2, rabbits 1000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin and eyes (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser (guinea pigs). Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) Ia EC classification T+; R28| T; R48/25| N; R50, R53

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for chickens >50 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 0.10 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 0.52 mg/l.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
EHC 175 (WHO, 1995) Soil/Environment DT50 (average) 290 d (range 146-439 d). Unlikely to leach; no leaching in 30 cm lab. columns.