Cyproconazole 环唑醇

环唑醇

中文通用名 环唑醇
产品类别 杀菌剂
英文名称 Cyproconazole
[1]CAS号 94361-06-5
化学名称 2-(4-氯苯基)-3-环丙基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇
结构式
分子式 C15H18ClN3O
分子量 291.78
理化特性 无色晶体。熔点103～105℃。沸点>250℃。蒸气压0.0347 mPa(20℃)。溶解性(25℃)：水1.4g/kg，丙酮>230g/kg，二甲基亚砜>180g/kg，乙醇>230g/kg，二甲苯120g/kg。稳定性：70℃下稳定15天，日光下土壤表面DT5021天；pH值3～9,50℃稳定。
防治对象 防治谷类和咖啡锈病，谷类、果树和葡萄白粉病，花生、甜菜叶斑病，苹果黑星病和花生白腐病
毒性 大鼠急性经口LD501020～1330mg/kg。
剂型 95%TC, 40%SC
本品属三唑类杀菌剂。是甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂，具有预防和治疗作用。对禾谷类作物、咖啡、甜菜、果树和葡萄上的白粉菌目、锈菌目、属孢霉属、喙孢属、壳针孢属、黑星菌属菌均有效。与其它杀菌剂混用，能很好防治谷类眼点病、叶斑病和网斑病。防治麦类锈病持效期为4～6周，防治白粉病为3～4周。谷类、果树和葡萄白粉病，花生、甜菜叶斑病，苹果黑星病和花生白腐病。
制剂有10%，40%可湿性粉剂，10%水溶性液剂和10%水分散颗粒剂。 环唑醇

简介
环唑醇是指用来防治危害农林牧业生产的有害生物（害虫、害螨、线虫、病原菌、杂草及鼠类）和调节植物生长的化学药品，但通常也把改善有效成分物理、化学性状的各种助剂包括在内。需要指出的是，对于农药的含义和范围，不同的时代、不同的国家和地区有所差异。如美国，早期将农药称之为"经济毒剂"（economicpoison），欧洲则称之为"农业化学品"（agrochemicals），还有的书刊将农药定义为"除化肥以外的一切农用化学品"。

cyproconazole
Fungicide
FRAC 3, G1; DMI: triazole

NOMENCLATURE
Common name cyproconazole (BSI, draft E-ISO, (m) draft F-ISO)
IUPAC name (2RS,3RS;2RS,3SR)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol
Chemical Abstracts name a-(4-chlorophenyl)-a-(1-cyclopropylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ethanol
CAS RN [94361-06-5] unstated stereochemistry; [94361-07-6] (2RS,3SR) isomers; [113096-99-4] former number Development codes SAN 619 F (Sandoz)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Composition It is a mixture (c. 1:1) of 2 diastereoisomers. Mol. wt. 291.8 M.f. C15H18ClN3O Form Colourless solid. M.p. 106.2-106.9 °C B.p. >250 ºC V.p. 2.6 ´ 10-2 mPa (25 ºC) KOW logP = 3.1 Henry 2.6 ´ 10-4 Pa m3 mol-1 S.g./density 1.25 g/cm3 Solubility In water 93 mg/l (22 ºC). In acetone 360, ethanol 230, methanol 410, dimethyl sulfoxide 180, xylene 120, toluene 100, dichloromethane 430, ethyl acetate 240, hexane 1.3, octanol 100, (all in g/l, 25 ºC). Stability Decomposition is <5% after storage for 2 years. Stable in aqueous solutions at pH 1-9 for a test period of 35 days (50 ºC) or 14 days (80 ºC). Slowly hydrolysed in 1N HCl and NaOH. pKa No acid or base properties in range pH 3.5-10. F.p. No reaction up to 360 ºC

COMMERCIALISATION
History Fungicide reported by U. Gisi et al. (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf., 1986, 1, 33; 2, 857). Introduced in France and Switzerland (1989) by Sandoz AG (now Syngenta AG). Patents US 4664696 Manufacturers Syngenta

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Steroid demethylation inhibitor. Mode of action Systemic fungicide with protective, curative, and eradicant action. Absorbed rapidly by the plant, with translocation acropetally. Uses Foliar, systemic fungicide for control of Septoria, rust, powdery mildew, Rhynchosporium, Cercospora, and Ramularia in cereals and sugar beet, at 60-100 g/ha; and rust, Mycena, Sclerotinia and Rhizoctonia in coffee and turf. Formulation types SC; SL; WG. Selected products: 'Alto' (Syngenta); 'Caddy' (Bayer CropScience); mixtures: 'Radius' (+ cyprodinil) (Syngenta)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Atemi' (Syngenta); 'Bialor' (Syngenta); 'Epicure' (Syngenta); 'Paindor' (Syngenta); 'Solima' (Syngenta); 'Synchro' (Syngenta); 'Vitocap' (Syngenta) mixtures: 'Alto Ambel' (+ carbendazim) (Syngenta); 'Alto Combi' (+ carbendazim) (Syngenta); 'Alto Elite' (+ chlorothalonil) (Syngenta); 'Iridia' (+ cyprodinil) (France) (Syngenta); 'Maxim Star' (+ fludioxonil) (Syngenta); 'Menara' (+ propiconazole) (Syngenta); 'Tiptor S' (+ prochloraz) (Syngenta); 'Zardex' (+ guazatine acetates) (seed treatment) (Syngenta); 'Aldus' (+ quinoxyfen) (Dow AgroSciences); 'Divora' (+ quinoxyfen) (Dow AgroSciences, Syngenta); 'Profile' (+ prochloraz) (Bayer CropScience, BASF); 'Sphere' (+ trifloxystrobin) (Bayer CropScience); 'Sportak Delta' (+ prochloraz) (Bayer CropScience, BASF); 'Spot Light' (+ thiophanate-methyl) (Bayer CropScience) Discontinued products: 'Aplan' * (Novartis); 'Gentian' * (GreenCrop) mixtures: 'Alto Major' * (+ tridemorph) (Novartis, Sandoz); 'Artea' * (+ propiconazole) (Syngenta); 'Moot' * (+ tridemorph) (Novartis); 'Octolan' * (+ chlorothalonil) (Novartis); 'Agora' * (+ trifloxystrobin) (Bayer)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by glc or hplc. Residues determined by glc.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 1020, female rats 1333, male mice 200, female mice 218 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats and rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin and eyes (rabbits). Non-irritating to skin, and not a skin sensitiser (guinea pigs). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >5.65 mg/l air. NOEL (1 y) for dogs 1 mg/kg b.w. daily; (2 y) for rats 1 mg/kg b.w. daily. Other Not mutagenic in the Ames assay. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) III EC classification R63| Xn; R22| N; R50, R53

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for Japanese quail 150 mg/kg. Dietary LC50 (8 d) for Japanese quail 816, mallard ducks 1197 mg/kg diet. Fish LC50 (96 h) for carp 18.9, trout 19, bluegill sunfish 21 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 26 mg/l. Bees LD50 (contact) >0.1 mg/bee; (oral) >1 mg/bee. Worms LC50 (14 d) 335 mg/kg.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals In mammals, following oral administration, cyproconazole is rapidly absorbed, extensively metabolised and excreted, DT50 c. 30 h. No bioaccumulation. Plants In different crops, metabolic pathways are similar and the major residue is cyproconazole itself. Soil/Environment In soil, cyproconazole degrades moderately quickly, DT50 c. 3 mo. No accumulation and leaching potential. Soil adsorption, Freundlich K 4.1 (loam, pH 6.4, o.m. 2.3%), 16 (loamy sand, pH 5.1, o.m. 3.9%).