Copper oxychloride 碱式氯化铜 氧氯化铜

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碱式氯化铜

碱式氯化铜
其他名称:氧氯化铜、壬铜
英文名称:Cupric Chloride,Basic
分子式:CuCl2·3Cu(OH)2·XH2O(X=1/2,1,2)
分子量:427.11(以无水物计)
性状:绿色结晶或结晶性粉末,不溶于水,溶于酸和氨水。
与碱反应生成,蓝色絮状沉淀,为氢氧化铜,在沸水中分解为氧化铜。

剂型
30%氧氯化铜悬浮剂 (30%SC)
理化性状 原药为绿色至蓝绿色粉末状晶体,难溶于水、乙醇、乙醚。溶于酸和氨水。溶于稀酸同时分解。250加热8小时,变成总黑色(失H2O和Cucl12)此反应可逆。对金属有腐蚀性。
作用特点 该药为无机铜保护性杀菌剂,为铜制剂中药害最小的药剂。施用后迅速破坏病菌蛋白酶而使病菌死亡,能在植物表面形成一层保护膜。用在马铃薯、花生、向日葵等作物上具有刺激生长、增产的效果。

防治对象和使用方法
苹果斑点病、落叶病、褐斑病,梨黑星病 套袋后用30%SC稀释1000-1500倍喷雾,15-20天一次
葡萄霜霉病、白粉病、黑痘病用30%SC稀释600-1000倍喷雾
枣树锈病、褐斑病、炭疽病、蜜烂病用30%SC稀释600-1000倍喷雾
花生叶斑病 发病初期 用30%SC稀释600倍喷雾


柑橘溃疡病、疮痂病、炭疽病600-800倍;蔬菜上细菌性角斑病、疫病、霜霉400-500倍;棉花、蔬菜的立枯病、枯萎等维管束病害250-400倍,苗床喷雾或淋根,发病初500倍喷雾可控制病情发展。
也可拌种防治小麦黑穗病、小米黑穗病,番茄、马铃薯、葡萄等真、细菌病害。

注意事项
(1)避免高温期高浓度用药。
(2)不能与石硫合剂、松脂合剂、矿物油乳剂、多菌灵、托布津等药剂混用。不能与强碱性农药混用。可与大多数杀虫剂、杀螨剂、微肥现混现用。
(3)高温干燥或多雨高湿、露水未干前,慎用。
(4)桃、李、白菜、杏、豆类、莴苣等敏感作物慎用。

 

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copper oxychloride
Fungicide
FRAC M1; multi-site: inorganic

 Copper oxychloride

NOMENCLATURE
Common name copper oxychloride (E-ISO, accepted in lieu of common name); oxychlorure de cuivre (F-ISO)
IUPAC name dicopper chloride trihydroxide (approximate composition); copper oxychloride
Chemical Abstracts name copper chloride oxide hydrate
Other names copper chloride hydroxide CAS RN [1332-40-7]; ([1332-65-6], defined as copper chloride hydroxide) EEC no. 215-572-9

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Composition Contains 57% Cu++. Mol. wt. 427.1 M.f. Cl2Cu4H6O6 Form Green to bluish-green powder. M.p. decomp. 300 °C V.p. Negligible at 20 ºC Solubility In water <10-5 mg/l (pH 7, 20 ºC). Insoluble in organic solvents. Soluble in dilute acids, forming Cu(II) salts; soluble in ammonium hydroxide, forming a complex ion. Stability Very stable in neutral media. Decomposes on heating in alkaline media with the formation of copper oxides. Decomposes on heating, with the formation of copper oxides, and loss of hydrogen chloride.

COMMERCIALISATION
History Introduced as a fungicide in the early 1900s. Manufacturers Aimco; Crystal; Griffin; Hokko; Ingeniería Industrial; Isagro; Rallis; Sharda; Sulcosa; Syngenta; Tagros

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Copper-II ion (Cu++) is taken up by the spores during germination and accumulates until a sufficiently high concentration is achieved to kill the spore cell; the activity is limited to the prevention of spore germination. Mode of action Foliar fungicide with preventative action. Deposits must be on the crop before fungal spores begin to germinate. Uses Control of late blight of potatoes, tomatoes and other vegetables; leaf spot diseases of beet, celery, celeriac, parsley, olives, currants, and gooseberries; downy mildews of vines, hops, spinach, and ornamentals; canker and scab of pome fruit and stone fruit; scab, canker, and melanose of citrus fruit; asparagus rust; peach leaf curl; shot-hole of stone fruit; cane diseases of raspberries and blackberries; leaf spot and leaf scorch of strawberries; anthracnose and blister blight of tea; leaf spot and downy mildew of cucumbers and melons; bacterial diseases of lettuce; etc. Applied at 2-4 kg/ha or 300-400 g/100 l. Phytotoxicity Non-phytotoxic at the recommended rates, except to carrots and potatoes under certain conditions. Russetting may occur with some varieties of apple. Formulation types DP; PA; SC; WG; WP. Compatibility Incompatible with mercury-containing compounds, thiram, DNOC, lime sulfur, and dithiocarbamates. Selected products: 'Beni Dou' (Marubeni); 'Blitox' (Rallis); 'Cekucobre' (Cequisa); 'Cobox' (BASF); 'Copper Force' (Crop Health); 'Coprantol' (Syngenta); 'Coprarex' (Griffin); 'Coptox' (Aimco); 'Cupravit' (Bayer CropScience); 'Cuprokylt' (Unicrop); 'Curenox' (IQV); 'Deutsh Bordeaux A' (Hokko); 'Devicopper' (Devidayal); 'Dhanucop' (Dhanuka); 'Funguran' (Spiess-Urania); 'Hilcopper' (Hindustan); 'Kapper' (Ramcides); 'Miedzian' (Azot); 'Ossirame' (Sipcam); 'Oxicob' (Ingeniería Industrial); 'Pasta Caffaro' (Isagro); 'Recop' (Syngenta); mixtures: 'Cuprofal' (+ folpet) (Griffin); 'Syphal PM' (+ cymoxanil+ folpet+ mancozeb) (Griffin)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Agro-Bakir' (AgroSan); 'Aviocaffaro' (Isagro); 'COC' (Cuproquim); 'COPAC' (IQV); 'Coupradin' (Papaeconomou); 'Cubre Corte' (Bayer CropScience); 'Cuprenox' (Diachem); 'Cuprocaffaro' (Isagro); 'Cuproflow' (Chemiplant); 'Cuprosan' (Bayer CropScience); 'Cuproxina' (Chemiplant); 'Dong oxyclorua' (Vipesco); 'KOP-OXY' (Drexel); 'Neoram' (Isagro); 'Styrocuivre' (Nufarm Americas); 'Sulcox' (Sulcosa); 'Viricuivre' (Philagro) mixtures: 'Armetil Cobre' (+ metalaxyl) (IQV); 'Armetil Triple' (+ folpet+ metalaxyl) (IQV); 'Aviso Cup' (+ cymoxanil+ metiram) (BASF); 'Bravo C/M' (+ chlorothalonil) (Syngenta); 'Cukarb' (+ carbendazim) (Azot); 'Cupro Phynebe' (+ zineb) (France) (Bayer CropScience); 'Euparen Ramato' (+ dichlofluanid) (Italy) (Bayer CropScience); 'Kasu-ran' (+ kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate) (Hokko); 'Konkret' (+ mancozeb) (Azot); 'Kupfer Fusilan' (+ cymoxanil) (Kwizda); 'Lonacol' (+ propineb) (Argentina) (Bayer CropScience); 'Mantox' (+ mancozeb) (Vapco); 'Mantox-Forte' (+ copper sulfate+ mancozeb) (Vapco); 'Melody Compact' (+ iprovalicarb) (Bayer CropScience); 'Ocarina' (+ iprovalicarb) (Bayer CropScience); 'Oxicob Mix' (+ mancozeb) (Ingeniería Industrial); 'Ridomil Gold Plus' (+ metalaxyl-M) (Syngenta); 'Ridomil Plus' (+ metalaxyl) (Syngenta); 'Syphal LS' (+ cymoxanil+ folpet+ mancozeb) (DuPont); 'Terranil CU' (+ chlorothalonil) (Agriliance); 'Tricuproxi' (+ mancozeb) (Aragro); 'UC 70' (+ mancozeb) (Philagro); 'Vacomil Plus' (+ metalaxyl) (Vapco); 'Viben-C' (+ benomyl) (Vipesco); 'Viroxyl' (+ metalaxyl) (Vipesco); 'Vizincop' (+ zineb) (Vipesco) Discontinued products: 'Cekuper' * (Cequisa); 'Cuprosana H' * (Unicrop); 'Kauritil' * (BASF) mixtures: 'Agromil Plus' * (+ metalaxyl) (Agro Chemicals); 'Ashlade SMC' * (+ maneb+ sulfur) (Ashlade); 'Kasumin Bordeaux' * (+ kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate+ oxine-copper) (Hokko); 'Mankuprox' * (+ mancozeb) (Azot); 'Senator' * (+ maneb+ sulfur) (Tripart)

ANALYSIS
Product determined iodometrically or by conversion to sulfate followed by electrolytic determination (CIPAC Handbook, 1992, E,42; ibid., 1998, H, 96). Residues determined by a colorimetric method (AOAC Methods, 14th Ed., 3.020-3.028, 3.033-3.034) or by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ibid., 3.013-3.016).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats 700-800 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg. Inhalation LC50 (4 h) >30 mg/l. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) III; EPA (formulation) III

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Fish LC50 (48 h) for carp 2.2 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (24 h) 3.5 mg/l. Bees Not toxic to bees.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals Copper is an essential element and is under homeostatic control in mammals. Plants Plants resist copper accumulation and translocation to stems, leaves or seeds. Most plants growing on soils containing up to 1000 ppm copper showed only slight elevation in copper content compared to plants grown in normal soils. Soil/Environment Strongly adsorbed by soils.