Chloridazon 杀草敏

杀草敏

CAS：1698-60-8
英文名称：Chloridazon
化学名称：5-氨基-4-氯-2-苯基-2H- 哒嗪-3-酮；5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one
其他名称：氯草敏;辟哒酮; 氯草哒; 甜菜灵[巴斯夫]
分子式：C10H8ClN3O
分子量：221.6

理化性质：无色无味固体（工业品：浅棕色、几乎无味固体），熔点206℃ (工业品： 198-202 ℃)，蒸汽压<0.01 mPa (20 ℃)，密度1.54 (20 ℃)。溶解度（g/l, 20 ℃)：蒸馏水0.34，甲醇15.1，乙酸乙酯3.7，二氯甲烷1.9，甲苯0.1。实际不溶于正己烷。50℃下稳定期大于2年，在pH 3-9的水中稳定。

毒性：大鼠经口LD50：3830(雄)，2140（雌），经皮LD50>2000 mg/kg。对兔眼和皮肤无刺激性。鹌鹑经口LD50 >2000 mg/kg，吸入LC50 >5000 mg/l.，野鸭LD50 4260 mg/kg，鳟鱼LC50 (96 h)32-46，蓝鳃翻车鱼LC50 (96 h)93 mg/l，蜜蜂LD50 (48 h, 经口和接触) >200 μg/只，

作用特点及杀草谱：植物光合作用光受体II抑制剂，选择性除草剂，能迅速被植物根吸收并转送到植物各个部分。以1.3-3.25 kg a.i./ha.芽前芽后使用可控制甜菜，西红柿、黄瓜、胡萝卜、甘蓝田一年生阔叶杂草。

杀草敏是选择性内吸传导型除草剂，喷洒药剂后杀草敏被杂草幼芽及根系吸收，输导到茎、叶，使杂草死亡。施入土壤的药剂主要通过微生物分解，持效期6 8周，对后茬作物无影响。阔叶杂草3--4叶期前对杀草敏最敏感。对甜菜等耐药性作物无害，对甜菜十分安全。

适用范围：对荠菜、苋、酸模、繁缕、藜、婆婆纳有显著效果。适用于洋葱、萝卜、甜菜、马铃薯等作物防除一年生阔叶杂草。

使用方法：播前混土法适用于播种时气候干燥的地区。施药前必须精细整地，使表土细碎，施药后立即耙，混入表土3--4厘米。播后苗前施药适用于土壤潮湿或有灌溉条件的地方。有机质较高时，可在苗后杂草萌发到2--4叶期前施药。每公顷用杀草敏65％可湿性粉剂5 000～6 000克(有效成分3 240～3 900克)，对水375～600升，喷雾。若单、双子叶杂草混生，可与拿捕净、都尔等混用。

剂型：500 g/L SC，80%可湿性粉剂

生产方法：

生产情况：温州康达化工科技有限公司；济南浩化实业有限责任公司；江西安利达化工有限公司

chloridazon
Herbicide
HRAC C1 WSSA 5; pyridazinone (PSII)

NOMENCLATURE
Common name chloridazon (BSI, E-ISO); chloridazone ((f) F-ISO); pyrazon, a name formerly used by BSI and in many countries, is retained (ANSI, WSSA, Canada, Denmark, Poland); PAC (JMAF)
IUPAC name 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one
Chemical Abstracts name 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone
Other names PCA CAS RN [1698-60-8] (formerly [58858-18-7]) EEC no. 216-920-2 Development codes BAS 119H (BASF)

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 221.6 M.f. C10H8ClN3O Form Colourless, odourless solid; (tech., brown, almost odourless solid). M.p. 206 ºC; (tech., 198-202 ºC) V.p. <0.01 mPa (20 ºC) KOW logP = 1.19 (pH 7) Henry <6.52 ´ 10-6 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.) S.g./density 1.54 (20 ºC). Solubility In distilled water 0.34 g/l (20 ºC). In methanol 15.1, ethyl acetate 3.7, dichloromethane 1.9, toluene 0.1 (all in g/l, 20 ºC). Practically insoluble in n-heptane. Stability Stable up to 50 ºC for ³2 years. Stable in aqueous media at pH 3-9. DT50 in simulated sunlight (xenon lamp, 2100 mEinstein m-2 s-1) 150 h (pH 7, water).

COMMERCIALISATION
History Herbicide reported by A. Fischer (Weed Res., 1962, 2, 177). Introduced by BASF AG in 1964. Patents US 3222159; US 3210353; DE 1105232 Manufacturers BASF; Istrochem; Oxon

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Photosynthetic electron transport inhibitor at the photosystem II receptor site. Mode of action Selective systemic herbicide, rapidly absorbed by the roots, with translocation acropetally to all plant parts. Uses Control of annual broad-leaved weeds in sugar beet, fodder beet and beetroot, by application pre-plant incorporated, pre-emergence, or post-emergence at 1.3-3.25 kg/ha. Often used in combination with other herbicides. Phytotoxicity Phytotoxic to e.g. cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, lima beans and tomatoes. Formulation types SC; WG; WP. Selected products: 'Flirt' (BASF); 'Pyramin' (BASF); 'Betozon' (Sipcam); 'Burex' (Istrochem, Agricola); 'Erbitox Bietole' (Siapa); 'Trojan' (Bayer CropScience); mixtures: 'Fiesta' (+ quinmerac) (sugar beet) (BASF); 'Rebell' (+ quinmerac) (BASF)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Expander' (BASF); 'Takron' (BASF); 'Better' (Sipcam); 'Clorimag' (Tecomag); 'Gladiator DF' (Tripart); 'Sculptor' (Sipcam UK) mixtures: 'Magnum' (+ ethofumesate) (BASF); 'Pyracur' (+ metolachlor) (BASF); 'Pyradex T' (+ tri-allate) (BASF); 'Advizor S' (+ lenacil) (DuPont); 'Ashlade CP' (+ propachlor) (Nufarm UK); 'Gremlin' (+ ethofumesate) (Sipcam UK); 'Lenapac' (+ lenacil) (Hokko, Maruwa); 'Spectron' (+ ethofumesate) (Bayer CropScience) Discontinued products: 'Questar' * (BASF); 'Gladiator' * (Tripart); 'Herbon Silver' * (Atlas Interlates); 'Silver' * (Atlas Interlates); 'Starter' * (Truchem); 'Weedmaster' * (Portman) mixtures: 'Pyradex' * (+ di-allate) (BASF)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by i.r. spectrometry or by rplc (CIPAC Handbook,1988, D, 31; ibid., 1998, H, 76). Residues in plants determined by glc or hplc (Rückstandanalytik von Pflanzenschutzmitteln,1987, Verlag Chemie, 9, Lieferung 89-A-1).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 3830, female rats 2140, male mice 2860, female mice 3100 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin and eyes (rabbits). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >5.4 mg/l air. NOEL (2 y) for rats 16, mice 152 mg/kg b.w. daily. ADI 0.16 mg/kg. Other Non-mutagenic, non-teratogenic, non-carcinogenic. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) U; EPA (formulation) III EC classification R43| N; R50, R53

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail >2000 mg/kg b.w. Dietary LC50 for bobwhite quail >5000, mallard ducks 4260 mg/kg diet. Fish LC50 (96 h) for trout 32-46, bluegill sunfish 93 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 132 mg/l. Algae EC50 (120 h) for Chlorella fusca 1.9 mg/l. Bees Not toxic to bees; LD50 (48 h, oral and contact) >200 mg/bee. Worms LC50 (14 d) for Eisenia foetida 1050 ppm.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals In rats, following a single oral application, 85% is excreted in the urine within 1 hour, and 13% in the faeces. After repeated oral applications, excretion proceeds similarly, with 75% in the urine and 15% in the faeces. Plants In beet, conjugation to form the N-glucosyl metabolite occurs. Soil/Environment In soil, microbial degradation involves splitting off the phenyl group, to give 5-amino-4-chloropyridazin-3(2H)-one, which is not herbicidally-active (A. Fischer, Weed Res., 1962, 2, 177-184). Persists in soil for c. 6-8 weeks under sufficiently moist conditions. Koc 89-340.