Carbosulfan 丁硫克百威

丁硫克百威

英文通用名称 carbosulfan
实验式：C20H32N2O3S 错误的丁硫克百威结构式
结构式：分子量：380.55
沸点(°C)：124-128
蒸气压(25°C)：0.041mpa
毒性：急性经口LD50(mg/kg)雄大鼠224雌大鼠187
溶解情况：水中0.3mg/L(25°C),能与多种有机溶剂混溶
稳定性：在中性或弱碱性条件下稳定，在酸性条件下不稳定。 正确的丁硫克百威结构式

简介：
丁硫克百威又叫丁硫威、好年冬、安眠特，属于氨基甲酸酯类，其毒性机理是抑制昆虫乙酰胆碱酶（Ache）和羧酸酯酶的活性，造成乙酰胆碱（Ach）和羧酸酯的积累，影响昆虫正常的神经传导而致死。克百威低毒化品种之一，经口毒性中等，经皮毒性低，无累计毒性，无畸形，致癌和致突变。对天敌和有益生物毒性较低，即克百威农药低毒化衍生物，属高效安全、使用方便的杀虫杀螨剂，是剧毒农药克百威较理想的替代品种之一。其杀伤力强，见效快，具有胃毒及触杀作用。特点是脂溶性、内吸性好、渗透力强、作用迅速、残留低、有较长的残效、使用安全等，对成虫及幼虫均有效，对作物无害。可防治柑橘等水果及蔬菜、玉米、棉花、水稻、甘蔗等多种经济作物害虫，对蚜虫的防治效果尤为优异。如：柑桔锈壁虱、 蚜虫、潜叶娥、介壳虫，棉花蚜虫、棉铃虫、棉叶蝉，果树蚜虫，蔬菜蚜虫、蓟马，甘蔗蔗螟、玉米蚜虫、蝽蟓、茶树蚜虫、小绿叶蝉，水稻蓟马、螟虫、叶蝉、飞虱，麦类蚜虫等

毒性：
属中等毒性杀虫杀螨剂。原药大鼠急性经口LD50为209毫克/公斤，威灵乳油大鼠急性经口LD50为115毫克/公斤。

制剂：
20%丁硫克百威乳油，350克/升丁硫克百威种子处理剂， 5%丁硫克百威颗粒剂， 35%丁硫克百威种子处理干粉剂，150克/升吡虫啉·丁硫克百威乳油， 35%丁硫克百威干拌种剂， 30%丁硫·机油乳油， 30%柴油·丁硫乳油， 9%吡·丁硫乳油， 20%丁硫·水胺乳油， 6.5%丁硫·酮悬浮种衣剂， 25%丁硫·马乳油， 5%高渗丁硫克百威乳油， 3%敌百虫·丁硫克百威颗粒剂， 18%丁硫克百威·福美双·戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂， 20%丁硫克百威·辛硫磷乳油， 14.4%丁硫克百威·福美双·戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂， 5%丁硫克百威·毒死蜱颗粒剂， 25%丁硫·氯乳油， 5%丁硫克百威颗粒剂， 5%丁硫·杀单颗粒剂， 6%吡·丁硫微乳剂， 20%丁硫克百威水乳剂， 8%丁硫·啶虫乳油， 20%丁硫·唑磷乳油， 18%丁硫·螨醇乳油， 15%阿维·丁硫微乳剂

注意事项：
1、本品不能与酸性或强碱性物质混用，但可与中性物质混用。
2、切忌误食，如果遇急性中毒，可用阿托品解毒，或送医院治疗。
3、存放于阴凉干燥处，应避光、防水、避火源。
4、喷洒时力求均匀周到，尤其是主靶标。
5、质量保证期：二年。

carbosulfan
Insecticide
IRAC 1A; carbamate

NOMENCLATURE
Common name carbosulfan (BSI, ANSI, draft E-ISO, (m) draft F-ISO)
IUPAC name 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl (dibutylaminothio)methylcarbamate
Chemical Abstracts name 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl [(dibutylamino)thio]methylcarbamate
CAS RN [55285-14-8] EEC no. 259-565-9 Development codes FMC 35 001 Official codes OMS 3022

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Mol. wt. 380.6 M.f. C20H32N2O3S Form Orange to brown clear, viscous liquid. M.p. No clearly defined m.p. B.p. Thermally unstable when vacuum distilled (65 mmHg). V.p. 3.58 ´ 10-2 mPa (25 °C) KOW logP = 5.4 Henry 4.66 ´ 10-3 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.) S.g./density 1.054 (20 ºC) Solubility In water 3 ppm (25 ºC). Miscible with most organic solvents, e.g. xylene, hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, acetone, etc. Stability Hydrolysed in aqueous media; DT50 0.2 h (pH 5), 11.4 h (pH 7), 173.3 h (pH 9). F.p. 40 ºC (closed cup)

COMMERCIALISATION
History Insecticide reported by E. C. Maitlen & N. A. Sladen (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf., 1979, 2, 557). Introduced by FMC Corp. in 1982. Manufacturers FMC; Kuo Ching; Sharda; Sundat; Zhejiang

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry Cholinesterase inhibitor; activity is due to in vivo cleavage of the N-S bond, resulting in conversion to carbofuran. Mode of action Systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action. Uses Control of a wide range of soil-dwelling and foliar insect pests. Examples of uses include control of millipedes, springtails, symphylids, wireworms, pygmy mangold beetles, frit flies, white grubs, aphids, caterpillars, flea beetles, Colorado beetles, stem borers, leafhoppers, planthoppers, codling moth, scales and free-living nematodes. The product is used in a wide range of crops, e.g. cotton, sugar beet, potatoes, rice, top fruit, citrus, maize, vegetables, sugar cane and coffee. Formulation types CS; DP; EC; GR; UL; WP. Compatibility Compatible with liquid fertilisers. Selected products: 'Marshal' (FMC); 'Posse' (FMC); 'Sheriff' (FMC); 'Spi' (FMC); 'Bright' (Vapco); 'Suden' (Sanonda)

OTHER PRODUCTS
'Advantage' (FMC); 'Beam' (FMC); 'Gazette' (FMC); 'Agrostar' (AgroSan); 'Combicoat' (Satec); 'Pilarsufan' (Pilarquim); 'Weilin' (Zhejiang) mixtures: 'Gazette Prince' (+ fipronil) (BASF)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by rplc (CIPAC Handbook, 1992, E, 35). Residues determined by glc (B. Leppert et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 31, 220; 1984, 32, 1441) or by hplc. Details available from FMC Agricultural Chemicals Group.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews FAO/WHO 47, 49 (see part 2 of the Bibliography). Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 250, female rats 185 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Moderate skin irritant; not an eye irritant. Inhalation LC50 (1 h) for male rats 1.53, female rats 0.61 mg/l air. NOEL (2 y) (oncogenic) for rats and mice 20 mg/kg diet. ADI (JMPR) 0.01 mg/kg b.w. [1986]. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) II EC classification T; R23/24| R43| N; R50, R53

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks 10, quail 82, pheasants 20 mg/kg. Fish LC50 (96 h) for bluegill sunfish 0.015, trout 0.042 mg/l. Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 1.5 mg/l. Algae EC50 (96 h) 20 mg/l. Bees Toxic to bees; LD50 (24 h, oral) 1.046 µg/bee; (24 h, contact) 0.28 µg/bee. Worms Not toxic. Other beneficial spp. Potentially harmful.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
EHC 64 (WHO, 1986; a review of carbamate insecticides in general). Animals In rats, following oral administration, rapidly metabolised by hydrolysis, oxidation and conjugation, forming carbofuran methylol, carbofuran phenol, and their 3-hydroxy and 3-keto derivatives; the metabolites are rapidly excreted. Plants Metabolites include carbofuran (q.v.) and 3-hydroxycarbofuran. Soil/Environment In soil, rapidly degraded under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions; DT50 c. 3-30 d; the principal metabolite is carbofuran (q.v.). Under field conditions, carbosulfan and carbofuran are unlikely to leach to groundwater.