Acifluorfen-sodium 三氟羧草醚

三氟羧草醚（杂草焚）

通用名称 三氟羧草醚(acifluorfen-sodium)
商品名称 杂草焚(Blazer)
化学名称 5-[2-氯-4-(三氟甲基)-苯氧基)-2-硝基苯甲酸钠

毒性 据中国农药毒性分级标准，三氟羧草醚属低毒除草剂.

制剂 21.4%三氟羧草醚水溶剂(W/W)(每升含有效成分240克)

作用特点
三氟羧草醚是一种触杀性除草剂，苗后早期处理，可被杂草茎、叶吸收，作用方式为触杀，能促使气孔关闭，借助于光发挥除草活性，增高植物体温度引起坏死，并抑制线粒体电子的传递，以引起呼吸系统和能量生产系统的停滞，抑制细胞分裂使杂草死亡。杂草和大豆间的选择性主要是剂量，其次是品种。用量过高或高温、干旱条件下大豆易受药害，轻者叶片皱缩，出现枯斑，严重的整个叶片枯焦。三氟羧草醚对大豆的药害为触杀性药害，不抑制大豆生长，恢复快，对产量影响甚微.

适用作物
大豆。

在其他国家登记作物
花生、水稻、大豆。

防治对象
龙葵、酸模叶蓼、柳叶刺蓼、节蓼、铁苋菜、反枝苋、凹头苋、刺苋、鸭跖草、水棘针、豚草、苘麻、藜(2叶期以前)、苍耳(2叶期以前)、曼陀罗、粟米草、马齿苋、裂叶牵牛、圆叶牵牛、卷茎蓼、香薷、狼把草、鬼针草等一年生阔叶杂草，对多年生的苣荬菜、刺儿菜、大蓟、问荆等有较强的抑制作用。

应用技术
适于大豆苗后3片复叶期以前，阔叶杂草2～4 叶期，一般株高5～10厘米时使用。施药过晚，大豆3片复叶期以后施药药效不好，不仅对苍耳、藜、鸭跖草效果不佳，而且大豆抗性减弱，加重药害，造成贪青晚熟减产。
每亩用21.4%三氟羧草醚水溶剂67～100毫升(有效成分14～21.4克)。
三氟羧草醚是触杀型除草剂，苗后早期施药可被杂草茎、叶吸收，抑制光合作用，充足的光照有助于药效的发挥。每亩喷液量人工背负式喷雾器20～33升，拖拉机喷雾机每亩13升。不能用超低容量喷雾器或背负式机动喷雾器如泰山-18型、东方红-18型等进行超低容量喷雾或低容量喷雾。人工施药应选扇形喷头，顺垄施药，一次喷一条垄，定喷头高度、压力、行走速度，不能左右甩动施药，以保证喷洒均匀。苗带施药用药量应根据垄距和喷幅来计算(即实际喷洒面积)，如垄距70厘米，喷幅40厘米，每亩用药量38～57毫升(有效成分8～12克)。

土壤温度、水分适宜的条件下施药效果好，空气相对湿度低于65%，土壤干旱，最高日温低于21℃或土壤温度低于15℃不应施药。温度超过27℃也不应施药。施药后最好6小时不降雨，以免影响药效。施药要选早晚气温低、风小时进行，上午9时至下午3时停止施药。杂草和大豆间的选择性主要是三氟羧草醚的用量，其次是大豆品种，因此施药要坚持标准作业，喷雾要均匀。用药量过高或遇不良环境条件，如低洼地、排水不良、低温高湿、田间长期积水、病虫害等造成大豆生长发育不良，大豆易受药害，轻者叶片皱缩，出现枯斑，严重的整个叶片枯焦。一般1～2周恢复正常，严重的可造成贪青晚熟。

混用:
三氟羧草醚与建农牌灭草松混用可提高对藜、苍耳、苘麻、鸭跖草、苣荬菜、刺儿菜等阔叶杂草防治效果。用药量为每亩21.4%三氟羧草醚50毫升加建农牌40%灭草松100毫升或67毫升加67毫升。
三氟羧草醚可与某些防治禾本科杂草的除草剂混用，提高对禾本科杂草防治效果。三氟羧草醚与高效盖草能、精水草克混用，对大豆药害不增加，药效亦好，用药量为21.4%三氟羧草醚每亩67～100毫升加10.8%高效盖草能30～35毫升，或5%精禾草克50～67毫升。三氟羧草醚不能与水草克混用，两者混用对大豆药害加重。三氟羧草醚与拿捕净机油乳剂混用对大豆药害略有增加，最好间隔一天分期施药。为抢农时，在环境及气候好的条件下也可混用，21.4%三氟羧草醚每亩67～100毫升加12.5%拿捕净83～100毫升。
三氟羧草醚与威霸混用，21.4%三氟羧草醚每亩67～100毫升加 6.9%威霸50～70毫升或8.05%威霸40～60毫升。
三氟羧草醚与收乐通混用，21.4%三氟羧草醚每亩67～100毫升加 12%收乐通35毫升。
三氟羧草醚与喷特混用，21.4%三氟羧草醚每亩67～100毫升加4%喷特50～70毫升。

近两年试验，将三氟羧草醚和另一种防阔叶草除草剂降低用量再与防禾本科杂草除草剂混用，在不良环境条件下，对大豆安全性好，杀草谱广，推荐下列配方供试验示范。每亩21.4%三氟羧草醚33～40毫升加12.5%拿捕净50～67毫升加48%建农牌异恶草松40～50毫升。
每亩21.4%三氟羧草醚33～40毫升加15%精稳杀得35～40毫升加48%建农牌异恶草松40～50毫升。
每亩21.4%三氟羧草醚33～40毫升加10.8%高效盖草能20～25毫升加48%建农牌异恶草松40～50毫升。
每亩21.4%三氟羧草醚33～40毫升加10.8%高效盖草能30～35毫升加建农牌40%灭草松100毫升。
每亩21.4%三氟羧草醚33～40毫升加建农牌40%灭草松100毫升加12.5%拿捕净85～100毫升。
每亩21.4%三氟羧草醚33～40毫升加建农牌40%灭草松100毫升加5%精水草克50～67毫升。
每亩21.4%三氟羧草醚33～40毫升加5%精禾草克35～40毫升加48%建农牌异恶草松40～50毫升。
每亩21.4%三氟羧草醚33～40毫升加5%精稳杀得50～67毫升加建农牌40%灭草松100毫升。 中毒解救
该药对眼睛和皮肤有刺激性，施药时应戴面罩或眼镜，避免吸入药雾。如该药溅入眼睛中或皮肤上，立即用大量清水冲洗15分钟以上，并立即求医。若不慎误服，应让患者呕吐，本药剂无特效解毒剂。

注意事项
1. 21.4%三氟羧草醚水溶液已加入足够量表面活性剂。
2.大豆三片复叶以后，叶片会遮盖杂草，此时施药会影响除草效果，并且大豆接触药剂多，抗药性减弱，会加重药害。
3．大豆生长在不良的环境中，如遇干旱、水淹、肥料过多，或土壤中合过多盐碱，霜冻，最高日温低于21℃或土温低于15℃，均不应施用三氟羧草醚，以免造成药害。应避免在6小时内可能下雨的情况下施药。
4．为扩大杀草谱，提高对大豆安全性，大豆苗前用氟乐灵、灭草猛、都尔、拉索、茅毒等处理，苗后早期配合使用三氟羧草醚，或药后与防除禾本科杂草的盖草能、稳杀得等先后使用。
5.三氟羧草醚对人体每日最大允许摄大量(ADI)为0.0125毫克/千克/天。
6.该药剂须在0℃以上的条件下贮存，在0℃以下 (-18℃)贮存，将会结冰，可加温到0℃以上，彻底搅匀即可使用。
7．勿使本剂流入湖泊、池塘或河流中，避免因洗涤器具或处理废物导致水源的污染。

acifluorfen-sodium
Herbicide
HRAC E WSSA 14; diphenyl ether

NOMENCLATURE
acifluorfen-sodium
Common name acifluorfen-sodium
IUPAC name sodium 5-(2-chloro-a,a,a-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-2-nitrobenzoate
Chemical Abstracts name sodium 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate
CAS RN [62476-59-9] EEC no. 263-560-7 Development codes RH-6201 (Rohm & Haas); MC 10978 (Mobil); BAS 9048.H (BASF)

acifluorfen
Common name acifluorfen (BSI, E-ISO, ANSI, WSSA); acifluorfène ((m) F-ISO)
IUPAC name 5-(2-chloro-a,a,a-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-2-nitrobenzoic acid
Chemical Abstracts name 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid
CAS RN [50594-66-6] EEC no. 256-634-5

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
acifluorfen-sodium
Composition Tech. salt is not generally isolated in solid form, but usually occurs as aqueous solution with 44% w/w a.i. Mol. wt. 383.6 M.f. C14H6ClF3NNaO5 Form Dry form is light yellow with a mildly antiseptic odour. M.p. (dry) 274-278 °C (decomp.) V.p. <0.01 mPa (25 °C) (evaporation rate method, CF/P006) KOW logP = 1.19 (pH 5, 25 °C) Henry <6.179 ´ 10-9 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.) S.g./density Bulk density 0.4-0.5 Solubility In water (unbuffered) 62.07, (pH 7) 60.81, (pH 9) 60.71 (all in g/100 g, 25 °C). In octanol 5.37, methanol 64.15, hexane <5 ´ 10-5 (all in g/100 ml, 25 °C). Stability Stable >2 y at 20-25 °C in aqueous solution. pKa 3.86?.12

acifluorfen
Mol. wt. 361.7 M.f. C14H7ClF3NO5 Form Light brown solid. M.p. 142-160 °C V.p. <0.01 mPa (20 ºC) (evaporation rate method, CF/P006) S.g./density 1.546 Solubility In water 120 mg/l (23-25 ºC) (tech.). In acetone 600, ethanol 500, dichloromethane 50, xylene, kerosene <10 (all in g/kg, 25 ºC). Stability Decomposes at 235 ºC. Stable in acid and alkaline media, pH 3-9 (40 ºC). Decomposed by u.v. light, DT50 c. 110 h.

COMMERCIALISATION
History First registered in US in 1980. Introduced as a herbicide independently by Mobil Chemical Co. (now Bayer CropScience, who no longer market it) and by Rohm & Haas Co. (who transferred rights to BASF AG in 1987). Patents DE 2311638 Manufacturers Toll manufactured for BASF by Rohm & Haas Inc.

APPLICATIONS
acifluorfen-sodium
Biochemistry Protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor. Mode of action Selective contact herbicide, absorbed by the foliage and roots, with negligible translocation. Activity is enhanced by sunlight. Uses Used post-emergence for the control of annual broad-leaved weeds (Abutilon, Amaranthus, Datura, Euphorbia, Polygonum, Ipomoea, Xanthium spp.), with some effects on grasses in soya beans, peanuts and rice. Applied at 0.2 to 0.6 kg/ha, depending on crop. Phytotoxicity Soya beans show good tolerance, although some burning may be seen on new leaf growth, which is readily outgrown. Phytotoxicity increased if mixed with fertilisers. Formulation types SL. Compatibility Compatible with most other pesticides, but phytotoxicity to the crop may be increased with the addition of certain additives. Selected products: 'Blazer' (BASF); mixtures: 'Doble' (+ bentazone-sodium) (Latin America) (BASF); 'Galaxy' (+ bentazone-sodium) (BASF); 'Storm' (+ bentazone-sodium) (BASF)

OTHER PRODUCTS
acifluorfen-sodium
'Asif' (Sanonda) mixtures: 'Conclude B' (+ bentazone-sodium) (BASF); 'Conclude Ultra' (+ bentazone-sodium+ sethoxydim) (BASF); 'Conclude Xtra' (+ bentazone-sodium+ clethodim) (BASF) Discontinued products: 'Status' * (BASF); 'Tackle' * (Aventis) mixtures: 'Manifest B' * (+ bentazone-sodium) (BASF); 'Scepter OT' * (+ imazaquin-ammonium) (BASF)

ANALYSIS
Product analysis by hplc. Residue analysis by glc or hplc (T. A. Ray et al., J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1983,66, 1319).

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
acifluorfen-sodium
Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats 1540, female mice 1370, rabbits 1590 mg/kg b.w. (aqueous tech.). Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Severe eye irritant; moderate skin irritant (rabbits) (aqueous tech.). Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >6.91 mg/l air (aqueous formulation). NOEL for mice 7.5 ppm (mg/kg diet) (aqueous tech.). ADI 10 mg/kg. Other Non-mutagenic in Ames and mouse lymphoma assays. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) III; EPA (formulation) III EC classification Xn; R22| Xi; R38, R41| N; R50, R53

acifluorfen
EC classification Xn; R22| Xi; R38, R41| N; R50, R53

ECOTOXICOLOGY
acifluorfen-sodium
Birds Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail 325 mg/kg. LC50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks >5620 mg/kg diet. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 17, bluegill sunfish 62 mg/l. Daphnia EC50 (48 h) 77 mg/l. Algae EC50 for Selenastrum capricornutum >260, Anabaena flos-aquae >350 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. EC50 (96 h) for grass shrimps 189 mg/l. Bees Use not expected to result in honeybee exposure; tests not performed. Worms LC50 (14 d) for Eisenia foetida >1800 mg/kg substrate. Other beneficial spp. Minimum inhibitory concentration for Azotobacter vinelandii >1000 ppm, for Bacillus subtilis 1000 ppm.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals After oral application in rats, a fast and almost complete absorption and excretion occurs. Multiple application does not indicate a cumulative effect. The dermal resorption is low. Acifluorfen-sodium is judged not to present a substantial hazard to aquatic or terrestrial wildlife. Plants Not transported within the plant; degradation occurs at, or close to, the surface, DT50 c. 1 w. Metabolism is fast and extensive, through amination, hydroxylation and carboxylation. Soil/Environment The a.i. will be moderately quickly degraded, DT50 108 d (silt loam) - 200 d (clay loam), forming mainly bound residues and highly polar metabolites. Degradation occurs through microbial activity; there is also photolytic degradation on the soil surface. Accumulation in soil does not occur. Adsorption Koc 44-684, Kd 0.13-1.98; desorption Koc 131-1955, Kd 0.39-4.6. In water, acifluorfen is hydrolytically stable in the dark, but in light it is rapidly degraded, DT50 c. 2 h, forming mainly CO2.